CVE Database

image-size through 2.0.2 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows remote attackers to permanently block the Node.js event loop by supplying a specially crafted image buffer with a zero-valued size field in a recognized box-type. Attackers can trigger an infinite loop in the JXL or HEIF image parsers by providing a crafted image containing a box with a size of zero, causing the offset to never advance and permanently hanging the application.

TinyWeb is a web server (HTTP, HTTPS) written in Delphi for Win32. Versions prior to version 2.02 are vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack known as Slowloris. The server spawns a new OS thread for every incoming connection without enforcing a maximum concurrency limit or an appropriate request timeout. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exhaust server concurrency limits and memory by opening numerous connections and sending data exceptionally slowly (e.g. 1 byte every few minutes). Anyone hosting services using TinyWeb is impacted. Version 2.02 fixes the issue. The patch introduces a `CMaxConnections` limit (set to 512) and a `CConnectionTimeoutSecs` idle timeout (set to 30 seconds). As a temporary workaround if upgrading is not immediately possible, consider placing the server behind a robust reverse proxy or Web Application Firewall (WAF) such as nginx, HAProxy, or Cloudflare, configured to buffer incomplete requests and aggressively enforce connection limits and timeouts.

image-size through 2.0.2 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows remote attackers to permanently block the Node.js event loop by supplying a specially crafted ICNS image buffer. Attackers can craft an ICNS buffer containing valid magic bytes and a zero-valued entry length field to trigger an infinite loop in the ICNS parser, as the offset is never incremented when the entry length field is 0, causing the while loop condition to remain true indefinitely.

Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Axios versions 1.7.0 through 1.15.x did not enforce configured request and response size limits when requests were sent with the fetch adapter. Applications that selected adapter: 'fetch', or ran in environments where axios resolved to the fetch adapter, could receive or send bodies larger than maxContentLength or maxBodyLength despite those limits being explicitly configured. This can cause resource exhaustion in server-side usage when a malicious or compromised server returns an oversized response, when an attacker can supply a large data: URL, or when an application forwards attacker-controlled request bodies through axios while relying on maxBodyLength as a boundary. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.32.0 and 1.16.0.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: libceph: Prevent potential null-ptr-deref in ceph_handle_auth_reply() If a message of type CEPH_MSG_AUTH_REPLY contains a zero value for both protocol and result, this is currently not treated as an error. In case of ac->negotiating == true and ac->protocol > 0, this leads to setting ac->protocol = 0 and ac->ops = NULL. Thereafter, the check for ac->protocol != protocol returns false, and init_protocol() is not called. Subsequently, ac->ops->handle_reply() is called, which leads to a null pointer dereference, because ac->ops is still NULL. This patch changes the check for ac->protocol != protocol to !ac->protocol, as this also includes the case when the protocol was set to zero in the message. This causes the message to be treated as containing a bad auth protocol.

OpenEMR 7.0.1 contains an authentication brute force vulnerability that allows attackers to bypass rate limiting protections by sending repeated login attempts to the main login endpoint. Attackers can submit POST requests with authUser and clearPass parameters to systematically test username and password combinations without account lockout restrictions.

The GEO my WP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the 'swlatlng' and 'nelatlng' parameters in all versions up to, and including, 4.5.5 The parameters are read from $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] via parse_str() (bypassing WordPress's wp_magic_quotes protection, which only covers $_POST/$_GET/$_COOKIE/$_REQUEST), then each is split on ',' via explode() and the resulting fragments are interpolated directly into a SQL BETWEEN clause in gmw_get_locations_within_boundaries_sql() without is_numeric() validation, (float) casting, esc_sql(), or $wpdb->prepare(). This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to append additional SQL queries into already existing queries that can be used to extract sensitive information from the database. Exploitation requires the site to host the Posts Locator search-results shortcode (`[gmw form="results" form_id=N]`) on a public page and to have at least one published post with an associated gmw_location row.

phpUploader before 2.0.2 contains an unauthenticated information disclosure vulnerability that allows remote attackers to access the full contents of the uploaded-files database table by visiting any page of the application. The index model executes an unbounded SELECT query and embeds the complete JSON-encoded result set in an inline script block, exposing uploader IP addresses, Argon2ID key hashes, internal filenames, and SHA-256 fingerprints.

Tanium addressed a denial of service vulnerability in Tanium Server.

The X25519 x86_64 assembly implementation fails to clear the most significant bit during the final modular reduction, so the computed result may not be fully reduced modulo the field prime 2^255 - 19. This can leave the field element in a non-canonical form, producing an incorrect result from the scalar multiplication and potentially a wrong shared secret. The final carry-propagation chains in the x64 and AVX2 reduction routines could overflow into the top bit, and the high limb was not masked afterward, so the 255-bit field element was left non-canonical.

Custom role Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in Projectopia <= 5.1.25.2 versions.

wolfSSL's AVX2-optimized ML-KEM implementation (mlkem_cmp_avx2) compares only 1536 of the 1568 ciphertext bytes during the Fujisaki-Okamoto re-encryption check in ML-KEM-1024 decapsulation. Ciphertexts that differ from the expected re-encryption solely in bytes 1536-1567 bypass implicit rejection and are accepted as valid, breaking IND-CCA2 security. An attacker able to submit chosen ciphertexts to a decapsulation oracle that uses a static ML-KEM-1024 key, and to observe whether the genuine shared secret or the implicit-rejection secret was produced, can use this as a plaintext-checking oracle to recover the private key. A proof of concept recovered a full ML-KEM-1024 private key with approximately 98% success using roughly 350 chosen ciphertexts. The flaw is a deterministic logic error and does not rely on timing measurements.

Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions vulnerability in phoenixframework phoenix (Presence JavaScript client) allows an attacker with ordinary channel access to cause a persistent client-side denial of service against every viewer of a presence channel topic. This vulnerability is associated with program files assets/js/phoenix/presence.js and program routines Presence.syncState and Presence.syncDiff. The Phoenix JavaScript presence client checks whether a presence already exists with a bare truthiness test (state[key]) instead of an own-property check. Presence keys can be attacker-controlled, because applications track presences under a username or id supplied by the client. A user who joins a channel choosing a key that is an Object.prototype member name (__proto__, constructor, toString, hasOwnProperty, and similar) makes that lookup return JavaScript's built-in Object.prototype instead of undefined. Because the prototype is truthy, the code treats it as an existing presence and reads .metas.map(...) off it, which throws an uncaught TypeError. The exception propagates out of the presence message handler, so the local state is never updated and onSync() never fires. Because the malicious key is tracked on the server, it is re-pushed on every presence update and keeps re-throwing, so presence sync stays broken for every viewer of that channel topic until the attacker leaves. Both syncState and syncDiff use the same unsafe existence-check pattern. The impact is limited to the affected topic and is a read-time confusion of the prototype object, not a mutation of Object.prototype (it is not prototype pollution). This issue affects phoenix: from 1.2.0-rc.0 before 1.5.15, from 1.6.0-rc.0 before 1.6.17, from 1.7.0-rc.0 before 1.7.24, and from 1.8.0-rc.0 before 1.8.9.

Use after free in Autofill in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 149.0.7827.103 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Critical)

Russh is a Rust SSH client & server library. From version 0.34.0 to before version 0.61.1, when SSH compression is enabled, russh accepted compressed packets whose on-wire size passed the normal transport packet-length checks but whose decompressed size was much larger. This allowed a remote peer to send oversized post-decompression packets that should have been rejected. In current releases, this is a remote denial-of-service / resource-exhaustion issue in the post-decompression receive path. In older releases before 0.58.0, the same remote decompression path used CryptoVec, which appears to make the historical impact worse. This issue has been patched in version 0.61.1.

Envoy is an open source edge and service proxy designed for cloud-native applications. From 1.37.0 until 1.37.5 and 1.38.3, when the %REQUESTED_SERVER_NAME(X:Y)% is used in log format and host related options is specified, like HOST_FIRST, SNI_FIRST, it's possible to crash Envoy when the specified host header is missing in the request headers. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.37.5 and 1.38.3.

NATS-Server is a High-Performance server for NATS.io, a cloud and edge native messaging system. The WebSockets handling of NATS messages handles compressed messages via the WebSockets negotiated compression. Prior to versions 2.11.2 and 2.12.3, the implementation bound the memory size of a NATS message but did not independently bound the memory consumption of the memory stream when constructing a NATS message which might then fail validation for size reasons. An attacker can use a compression bomb to cause excessive memory consumption, often resulting in the operating system terminating the server process. The use of compression is negotiated before authentication, so this does not require valid NATS credentials to exploit. The fix, present in versions 2.11.2 and 2.12.3, was to bounds the decompression to fail once the message was too large, instead of continuing on. The vulnerability only affects deployments which use WebSockets and which expose the network port to untrusted end-points.

Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in Simple Membership <= 4.7.1 versions.

Netty is a network application framework for development of protocol servers and clients. In netty-codec-http2 prior to versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final, the `DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener` class orchestrates HTTP/2 decompression by embedding a per-stream `EmbeddedChannel` that runs the appropriate decompression codec (gzip, deflate, zstd) and forwards decompressed chunks to a wrapped listener. Each decompressed chunk is a pooled `ByteBuf` handed to an anonymous `ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter` tail handler, which becomes the sole owner responsible for releasing it. A remote peer could send frames that would result in the flow-controller throwing and so trigger a resource leak which at the end might take down the whole JVM due OOME. Versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final patch the issue.

locize is a localization platform that connects code and i18n setup. Prior to version 4.0.21, the locize client SDK registers a window.addEventListener("message", …) handler that dispatches to registered internal handlers (editKey, commitKey, commitKeys, isLocizeEnabled, requestInitialize, …) without validating event.origin. The pre-patch listener in src/api/postMessage.js gates dispatch on event.data.sender === "i18next-editor-frame" — that value sits inside the attacker-controlled message payload, not the browser-enforced origin. Any web page that could embed or be embedded by a locize-enabled host — an iframe on a third-party page, a window.open-ed victim, a parent frame reaching down — could send a crafted postMessage and trigger the internal handlers. This issue has been patched in version 4.0.21.

List::SomeUtils::XS versions before 0.59 for Perl have a heap buffer overflow in the pairwise function. pairwise() collects the values returned by the block into a heap buffer sized to the longer input array, then grows the buffer before each copy with a single quadrupling (alloc <<= 2) instead of a loop. A block call that returns more than four times the current allocation in one invocation outgrows that one quadrupling, and the copy writes past the end of the buffer. Any caller of pairwise() whose block returns, for a single pair, more than four times the longer input array's length writes past the buffer and corrupts the heap.

OpenMRS Core is an open source electronic medical record system platform. In versions 2.7.8 and earlier and versions 2.8.0 through 2.8.5, the `/openmrs/moduleResources/{moduleid}` endpoint is vulnerable to a path traversal attack. The ModuleResourcesServlet constructs a filesystem path from user-controlled input without performing path boundary validation — the getFile() method concatenates the user-supplied path into an absolute filesystem path without calling normalize() or checking that the result stays within the allowed module resources directory. Because this endpoint serves static resources required for rendering the login page, it is not protected by authentication filters, allowing unauthenticated exploitation. An attacker can traverse directories and read arbitrary files from the server filesystem, including /etc/passwd and application configuration files containing database credentials. Successful exploitation requires the target deployment to run on Apache Tomcat versions prior to 8.5.31, where the ..; path parameter bypass is not mitigated by the container. Deployments on Tomcat 8.5.31 or later and Tomcat 9.0.10 or later are protected at the container level, though the underlying code defect remains. This issue has been fixed in versions after 2.7.8 (within the 2.7.x branch) and in version 2.8.6 and later.

Netty is a network application framework for development of protocol servers and clients. Prior to versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final, the HAProxy PROXY protocol v2 codec in netty leaks native or heap memory on every connection when a client sends a syntactically valid header containing nested `PP2_TYPE_SSL` TLVs (type-length-value records) at depth two or greater. The leak occurs on the successful parse path — no exception is thrown, the message fires downstream, the decoder removes itself, and the application releases the `HAProxyMessage` normally. Yet the underlying cumulation buffer (a pooled, potentially direct `ByteBuf` allocated by the channel) remains permanently pinned. Versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final patch the issue.

Netty is a network application framework for development of protocol servers and clients. Prior to versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final, SimpleTrustManagerFactory.engineGetTrustManagers() and related paths wrap any user-supplied plain X509TrustManager in X509TrustManagerWrapper, which extends X509ExtendedTrustManager but implements the 3-arg checkServerTrusted(chain, authType, SSLEngine) by discarding the SSLEngine and calling the 2-arg delegate. Because the object now IS an X509ExtendedTrustManager, neither SunJSSE's internal AbstractTrustManagerWrapper nor Netty's own OpenSslX509TrustManagerWrapper will re-wrap it to add endpoint-identification. Consequently, even though Netty 4.2 sets endpointIdentificationAlgorithm="HTTPS" by default, a client built with `SslContextBuilder.forClient().trustManager(somePlainX509TrustManager)` performs no hostname verification at all. Versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final patch the issue.

Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in kutethemes KuteShop kuteshop allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects KuteShop: from n/a through <= 4.2.9.

A flaw in Node.js HTTP request handling causes an uncaught `TypeError` when a request is received with a header named `__proto__` and the application accesses `req.headersDistinct`. When this occurs, `dest["__proto__"]` resolves to `Object.prototype` rather than `undefined`, causing `.push()` to be called on a non-array. This exception is thrown synchronously inside a property getter and cannot be intercepted by `error` event listeners, meaning it cannot be handled without wrapping every `req.headersDistinct` access in a `try/catch`. * This vulnerability affects all Node.js HTTP servers on **20.x, 22.x, 24.x, and v25.x**

A denial-of-service issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.4 and iPadOS 26.4, macOS Sequoia 15.7.5, macOS Sonoma 14.8.5, macOS Tahoe 26.4. A remote attacker may be able to cause a denial-of-service.

Text::Minify::XS versions from 0.3.0 before 0.7.8 for Perl have a heap overflow when processing some malformed UTF-8 characters. The minify functions mishandled some malformed UTF-8 characters, leading to heap corruption. Note that the minify_utf8 function is an alias for minify.

Integer overflow in PDFium in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted font file. (Chromium security severity: High)

In Eclipse Open9J versions 0.21 to 0.58, a pre-authentication remote attacker can crash JITServer by sending a 32-byte crafted TCP message.

osCommerce 2.3.4.1 contains a SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting SQL code through the products_id parameter. Attackers can modify the products_id value in product_info.php requests and append boolean-based SQL injection payloads to extract sensitive database information.

SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before version 15.0.1 decrypts inline PGP messages without isolating them from surrounding unencrypted content, allowing exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor.

In version 3.6.19 of prefecthq/prefect, an authentication bypass vulnerability exists due to the improper handling of URL path exemptions for health check probes. Specifically, the authentication middleware exempts any URL path ending with 'health' or 'ready' from authentication checks. This allows an attacker to create resources with names ending in 'health' or 'ready' and access them without authentication. Affected endpoints include those for variables, flows, work pools, work queues, and deployments. This vulnerability can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information, such as API keys and database credentials, stored in Prefect Variables.

SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before version 15.0.1 incorrectly interprets email addresses in the email headers, causing an interpretation conflict with other mail infrastructure that allows an attacker to fake the source of the email or decrypt it.

IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.9.0 could allow a denial of service due to uncontrolled resource consumption.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: RDMA/hns: Fix WQ_MEM_RECLAIM warning When sunrpc is used, if a reset triggered, our wq may lead the following trace: workqueue: WQ_MEM_RECLAIM xprtiod:xprt_rdma_connect_worker [rpcrdma] is flushing !WQ_MEM_RECLAIM hns_roce_irq_workq:flush_work_handle [hns_roce_hw_v2] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 8250 at kernel/workqueue.c:2644 check_flush_dependency+0xe0/0x144 Call trace: check_flush_dependency+0xe0/0x144 start_flush_work.constprop.0+0x1d0/0x2f0 __flush_work.isra.0+0x40/0xb0 flush_work+0x14/0x30 hns_roce_v2_destroy_qp+0xac/0x1e0 [hns_roce_hw_v2] ib_destroy_qp_user+0x9c/0x2b4 rdma_destroy_qp+0x34/0xb0 rpcrdma_ep_destroy+0x28/0xcc [rpcrdma] rpcrdma_ep_put+0x74/0xb4 [rpcrdma] rpcrdma_xprt_disconnect+0x1d8/0x260 [rpcrdma] xprt_rdma_connect_worker+0xc0/0x120 [rpcrdma] process_one_work+0x1cc/0x4d0 worker_thread+0x154/0x414 kthread+0x104/0x144 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x18 Since QP destruction frees memory, this wq should have the WQ_MEM_RECLAIM.

NSD from version 4.13.0 has a heap use-after-free bug in logging errors on TLS connections, causing a crash of the server process, which can be triggered trivially by sending a DNS query over a DoT connection, and closing the connection without reading the response.

Nokogiri is an open source XML and HTML library for the Ruby programming language. Prior to 1.19.4, Nokogiri contains a bug when calling certain methods on allocated-but-uninitialized native wrapper classes that inherit from Nokogiri::XML::Node. This caused a NULL pointer dereference that could crash the process. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.19.4.

IBM WebSphere Application Server 9.0, and 8.5 and IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty 17.0.0.3 through 26.0.0.6 are vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by sending a specially-crafted request. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to cause the server to consume memory resources.

Dell PowerScale OneFS, version 9.13.0.0, contains an overly restrictive account lockout mechanism vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to denial of service.

The security fix for CVE-2025-0728 in eclipse-threadx NetX Duo refactors error handling in the HTTP server PUT process to use a shared cleanup label, but this unified cleanup path unconditionally calls fx_file_close() even when the file was never successfully opened. Multiple error branches jump to the shared cleanup label before any file open operation has occurred, causing fx_file_close() to operate on an uninitialized file handle, leading to undefined behavior, double-close issues, or memory corruption.

In IMS, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed.

A malicious actor who lures an authenticated user to a malicious page could exploit a Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) misconfiguration found in UniFi OS to trigger actions in UniFi OS using that user's session.

An unauthenticated out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in onvif.cgi in GeoVision GV-LPC2011 and GV-LPC2211 V1.12 and earlier. The vulnerability is caused by insufficient bounds checking when processing HTTP request body data. A remote attacker may exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request with excessive input, causing memory corruption and resulting in a denial of service.

UltraJSON is a fast JSON encoder and decoder written in pure C with bindings for Python 3.7+. Versions 5.10 through 5.11.0 are vulnerable to buffer overflow or infinite loop through large indent handling. ujson.dumps() crashes the Python interpreter (segmentation fault) when the product of the indent parameter and the nested depth of the input exceeds INT32_MAX. It can also get stuck in an infinite loop if the indent is a large negative number. Both are caused by an integer overflow/underflow whilst calculating how much memory to reserve for indentation. And both can be used to achieve denial of service. To be vulnerable, a service must call ujson.dump()/ujson.dumps()/ujson.encode() whilst giving untrusted users control over the indent parameter and not restrict that indentation to reasonably small non-negative values. A service may also be vulnerable to the infinite loop if it uses a fixed negative indent. An underflow always occurs for any negative indent when the input data is at least one level nested but, for small negative indents, the underflow is usually accidentally rectified by another overflow. This issue has been fixed in version 5.12.0.

An issue in the st_compare component of openlink virtuoso-opensource v7.2.11 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via crafted SQL statements.

Lakeside SysTrack Agent versions prior to 11.2.1.28, 11.3.0.38, 11.4.0.24, 11.5.0.15 contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the Command ID 30 UDP packet handler that allows remote attackers to crash the application by sending a specially crafted UDP packet. Attackers can send a malformed packet with an invalid memory address at offset 0x4 in the payload to trigger an access violation and cause a denial of service.

pdfcpu through v0.11.1 contains an uncontrolled-recursion denial-of-service issue in pkg/pdfcpu/model/parse.go. The parser descends recursively through nested PDF objects, including arrays, via ParseObjectContext() and parseArray() without enforcing a maximum nesting depth.

A flaw in Node.js proxy tunnel error handling could expose proxy credentials in `ERR_PROXY_TUNNEL` error messages. When proxy credentials are embedded in the proxy URL, they may be exposed through error handling paths and captured by logs, diagnostics, or other error consumers. This vulnerability affects all supported release lines: **Node.js 22**, **Node.js 24**, and **Node.js 26**.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: spacemit: Fix error handling in emac_tx_mem_map() The DMA mappings were leaked on mapping error. Free them with the existing emac_free_tx_buf() function.