Linux CVEs & Vulnerabilities

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mshv: Fix error handling in mshv_region_pin The current error handling has two issues: First, pin_user_pages_fast() can return a short pin count (less than requested but greater than zero) when it cannot pin all requested pages. This is treated as success, leading to partially pinned regions being used, which causes memory corruption. Second, when an error occurs mid-loop, already pinned pages from the current batch are not properly accounted for before calling mshv_region_invalidate_pages(), causing a page reference leak. Treat short pins as errors and fix partial batch accounting before cleanup.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ip6_tunnel: clear skb2->cb[] in ip4ip6_err() Oskar Kjos reported the following problem. ip4ip6_err() calls icmp_send() on a cloned skb whose cb[] was written by the IPv6 receive path as struct inet6_skb_parm. icmp_send() passes IPCB(skb2) to __ip_options_echo(), which interprets that cb[] region as struct inet_skb_parm (IPv4). The layouts differ: inet6_skb_parm.nhoff at offset 14 overlaps inet_skb_parm.opt.rr, producing a non-zero rr value. __ip_options_echo() then reads optlen from attacker-controlled packet data at sptr[rr+1] and copies that many bytes into dopt->__data, a fixed 40-byte stack buffer (IP_OPTIONS_DATA_FIXED_SIZE). To fix this we clear skb2->cb[], as suggested by Oskar Kjos. Also add minimal IPv4 header validation (version == 4, ihl >= 5).

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: SCO: fix race conditions in sco_sock_connect() sco_sock_connect() checks sk_state and sk_type without holding the socket lock. Two concurrent connect() syscalls on the same socket can both pass the check and enter sco_connect(), leading to use-after-free. The buggy scenario involves three participants and was confirmed with additional logging instrumentation: Thread A (connect): HCI disconnect: Thread B (connect): sco_sock_connect(sk) sco_sock_connect(sk) sk_state==BT_OPEN sk_state==BT_OPEN (pass, no lock) (pass, no lock) sco_connect(sk): sco_connect(sk): hci_dev_lock hci_dev_lock hci_connect_sco <- blocked -> hcon1 sco_conn_add->conn1 lock_sock(sk) sco_chan_add: conn1->sk = sk sk->conn = conn1 sk_state=BT_CONNECT release_sock hci_dev_unlock hci_dev_lock sco_conn_del: lock_sock(sk) sco_chan_del: sk->conn=NULL conn1->sk=NULL sk_state= BT_CLOSED SOCK_ZAPPED release_sock hci_dev_unlock (unblocked) hci_connect_sco -> hcon2 sco_conn_add -> conn2 lock_sock(sk) sco_chan_add: sk->conn=conn2 sk_state= BT_CONNECT // zombie sk! release_sock hci_dev_unlock Thread B revives a BT_CLOSED + SOCK_ZAPPED socket back to BT_CONNECT. Subsequent cleanup triggers double sock_put() and use-after-free. Meanwhile conn1 is leaked as it was orphaned when sco_conn_del() cleared the association. Fix this by: - Moving lock_sock() before the sk_state/sk_type checks in sco_sock_connect() to serialize concurrent connect attempts - Fixing the sk_type != SOCK_SEQPACKET check to actually return the error instead of just assigning it - Adding a state re-check in sco_connect() after lock_sock() to catch state changes during the window between the locks - Adding sco_pi(sk)->conn check in sco_chan_add() to prevent double-attach of a socket to multiple connections - Adding hci_conn_drop() on sco_chan_add failure to prevent HCI connection leaks

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: hci_sync: hci_cmd_sync_queue_once() return -EEXIST if exists hci_cmd_sync_queue_once() needs to indicate whether a queue item was added, so caller can know if callbacks are called, so it can avoid leaking resources. Change the function to return -EEXIST if queue item already exists. Modify all callsites to handle that.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: hci_sync: fix leaks when hci_cmd_sync_queue_once fails When hci_cmd_sync_queue_once() returns with error, the destroy callback will not be called. Fix leaking references / memory on these failures.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: MGMT: validate LTK enc_size on load Load Long Term Keys stores the user-provided enc_size and later uses it to size fixed-size stack operations when replying to LE LTK requests. An enc_size larger than the 16-byte key buffer can therefore overflow the reply stack buffer. Reject oversized enc_size values while validating the management LTK record so invalid keys never reach the stored key state.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: hci_conn: fix potential UAF in set_cig_params_sync hci_conn lookup and field access must be covered by hdev lock in set_cig_params_sync, otherwise it's possible it is freed concurrently. Take hdev lock to prevent hci_conn from being deleted or modified concurrently. Just RCU lock is not suitable here, as we also want to avoid "tearing" in the configuration.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: hci_event: fix potential UAF in hci_le_remote_conn_param_req_evt hci_conn lookup and field access must be covered by hdev lock in hci_le_remote_conn_param_req_evt, otherwise it's possible it is freed concurrently. Extend the hci_dev_lock critical section to cover all conn usage.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: MGMT: validate mesh send advertising payload length mesh_send() currently bounds MGMT_OP_MESH_SEND by total command length, but it never verifies that the bytes supplied for the flexible adv_data[] array actually match the embedded adv_data_len field. MGMT_MESH_SEND_SIZE only covers the fixed header, so a truncated command can still pass the existing 20..50 byte range check and later drive the async mesh send path past the end of the queued command buffer. Keep rejecting zero-length and oversized advertising payloads, but validate adv_data_len explicitly and require the command length to exactly match the flexible array size before queueing the request.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: sockmap: Fix use-after-free of sk->sk_socket in sk_psock_verdict_data_ready(). syzbot reported use-after-free of AF_UNIX socket's sk->sk_socket in sk_psock_verdict_data_ready(). [0] In unix_stream_sendmsg(), the peer socket's ->sk_data_ready() is called after dropping its unix_state_lock(). Although the sender socket holds the peer's refcount, it does not prevent the peer's sock_orphan(), and the peer's sk_socket might be freed after one RCU grace period. Let's fetch the peer's sk->sk_socket and sk->sk_socket->ops under RCU in sk_psock_verdict_data_ready(). [0]: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in sk_psock_verdict_data_ready+0xec/0x590 net/core/skmsg.c:1278 Read of size 8 at addr ffff8880594da860 by task syz.4.1842/11013 CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 11013 Comm: syz.4.1842 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 02/12/2026 Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0xe8/0x150 lib/dump_stack.c:120 print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline] print_report+0xba/0x230 mm/kasan/report.c:482 kasan_report+0x117/0x150 mm/kasan/report.c:595 sk_psock_verdict_data_ready+0xec/0x590 net/core/skmsg.c:1278 unix_stream_sendmsg+0x8a3/0xe80 net/unix/af_unix.c:2482 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:721 [inline] __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:736 [inline] ____sys_sendmsg+0x972/0x9f0 net/socket.c:2585 ___sys_sendmsg+0x2a5/0x360 net/socket.c:2639 __sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2671 [inline] __do_sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2676 [inline] __se_sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2674 [inline] __x64_sys_sendmsg+0x1bd/0x2a0 net/socket.c:2674 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x14d/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7facf899c819 Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007facf9827028 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007facf8c15fa0 RCX: 00007facf899c819 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000200000000500 RDI: 0000000000000004 RBP: 00007facf8a32c91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007facf8c16038 R14: 00007facf8c15fa0 R15: 00007ffd41b01c78 </TASK> Allocated by task 11013: kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:57 [inline] kasan_save_track+0x3e/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:78 unpoison_slab_object mm/kasan/common.c:340 [inline] __kasan_slab_alloc+0x6c/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:366 kasan_slab_alloc include/linux/kasan.h:253 [inline] slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4538 [inline] slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:4866 [inline] kmem_cache_alloc_lru_noprof+0x2b8/0x640 mm/slub.c:4885 sock_alloc_inode+0x28/0xc0 net/socket.c:316 alloc_inode+0x6a/0x1b0 fs/inode.c:347 new_inode_pseudo include/linux/fs.h:3003 [inline] sock_alloc net/socket.c:631 [inline] __sock_create+0x12d/0x9d0 net/socket.c:1562 sock_create net/socket.c:1656 [inline] __sys_socketpair+0x1c4/0x560 net/socket.c:1803 __do_sys_socketpair net/socket.c:1856 [inline] __se_sys_socketpair net/socket.c:1853 [inline] __x64_sys_socketpair+0x9b/0xb0 net/socket.c:1853 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x14d/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Freed by task 15: kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:57 [inline] kasan_save_track+0x3e/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:78 kasan_save_free_info+0x46/0x50 mm/kasan/generic.c:584 poison_slab_object mm/kasan/common.c:253 [inline] __kasan_slab_free+0x5c/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:285 kasan_slab_free include/linux/kasan.h:235 [inline] slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:2685 [inline] slab_free mm/slub.c:6165 [inline] kmem_cache_free+0x187/0x630 mm/slub.c:6295 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c: ---truncated---

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: macb: fix clk handling on PCI glue driver removal platform_device_unregister() may still want to use the registered clks during runtime resume callback. Note that there is a commit d82d5303c4c5 ("net: macb: fix use after free on rmmod") that addressed the similar problem of clk vs platform device unregistration but just moved the bug to another place. Save the pointers to clks into local variables for reuse after platform device is unregistered. BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in clk_prepare+0x5a/0x60 Read of size 8 at addr ffff888104f85e00 by task modprobe/597 CPU: 2 PID: 597 Comm: modprobe Not tainted 6.1.164+ #114 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.16.1-0-g3208b098f51a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0x8d/0xba print_report+0x17f/0x496 kasan_report+0xd9/0x180 clk_prepare+0x5a/0x60 macb_runtime_resume+0x13d/0x410 [macb] pm_generic_runtime_resume+0x97/0xd0 __rpm_callback+0xc8/0x4d0 rpm_callback+0xf6/0x230 rpm_resume+0xeeb/0x1a70 __pm_runtime_resume+0xb4/0x170 bus_remove_device+0x2e3/0x4b0 device_del+0x5b3/0xdc0 platform_device_del+0x4e/0x280 platform_device_unregister+0x11/0x50 pci_device_remove+0xae/0x210 device_remove+0xcb/0x180 device_release_driver_internal+0x529/0x770 driver_detach+0xd4/0x1a0 bus_remove_driver+0x135/0x260 driver_unregister+0x72/0xb0 pci_unregister_driver+0x26/0x220 __do_sys_delete_module+0x32e/0x550 do_syscall_64+0x35/0x80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6e/0xd8 </TASK> Allocated by task 519: kasan_save_stack+0x2c/0x50 kasan_set_track+0x21/0x30 __kasan_kmalloc+0x8e/0x90 __clk_register+0x458/0x2890 clk_hw_register+0x1a/0x60 __clk_hw_register_fixed_rate+0x255/0x410 clk_register_fixed_rate+0x3c/0xa0 macb_probe+0x1d8/0x42e [macb_pci] local_pci_probe+0xd7/0x190 pci_device_probe+0x252/0x600 really_probe+0x255/0x7f0 __driver_probe_device+0x1ee/0x330 driver_probe_device+0x4c/0x1f0 __driver_attach+0x1df/0x4e0 bus_for_each_dev+0x15d/0x1f0 bus_add_driver+0x486/0x5e0 driver_register+0x23a/0x3d0 do_one_initcall+0xfd/0x4d0 do_init_module+0x18b/0x5a0 load_module+0x5663/0x7950 __do_sys_finit_module+0x101/0x180 do_syscall_64+0x35/0x80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6e/0xd8 Freed by task 597: kasan_save_stack+0x2c/0x50 kasan_set_track+0x21/0x30 kasan_save_free_info+0x2a/0x50 __kasan_slab_free+0x106/0x180 __kmem_cache_free+0xbc/0x320 clk_unregister+0x6de/0x8d0 macb_remove+0x73/0xc0 [macb_pci] pci_device_remove+0xae/0x210 device_remove+0xcb/0x180 device_release_driver_internal+0x529/0x770 driver_detach+0xd4/0x1a0 bus_remove_driver+0x135/0x260 driver_unregister+0x72/0xb0 pci_unregister_driver+0x26/0x220 __do_sys_delete_module+0x32e/0x550 do_syscall_64+0x35/0x80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6e/0xd8

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: macb: properly unregister fixed rate clocks The additional resources allocated with clk_register_fixed_rate() need to be released with clk_unregister_fixed_rate(), otherwise they are lost.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/mlx5: lag: Check for LAG device before creating debugfs __mlx5_lag_dev_add_mdev() may return 0 (success) even when an error occurs that is handled gracefully. Consequently, the initialization flow proceeds to call mlx5_ldev_add_debugfs() even when there is no valid LAG context. mlx5_ldev_add_debugfs() blindly created the debugfs directory and attributes. This exposed interfaces (like the members file) that rely on a valid ldev pointer, leading to potential NULL pointer dereferences if accessed when ldev is NULL. Add a check to verify that mlx5_lag_dev(dev) returns a valid pointer before attempting to create the debugfs entries.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/mlx5: Fix switchdev mode rollback in case of failure If for some internal reason switchdev mode fails, we rollback to legacy mode, before this patch, rollback will unregister the uplink netdev and leave it unregistered causing the below kernel bug. To fix this, we need to avoid netdev unregister by setting the proper rollback flag 'MLX5_PRIV_FLAGS_SWITCH_LEGACY' to indicate legacy mode. devlink (431) used greatest stack depth: 11048 bytes left mlx5_core 0000:00:03.0: E-Switch: Disable: mode(LEGACY), nvfs(0), \ necvfs(0), active vports(0) mlx5_core 0000:00:03.0: E-Switch: Supported tc chains and prios offload mlx5_core 0000:00:03.0: Loading uplink representor for vport 65535 mlx5_core 0000:00:03.0: mlx5_cmd_out_err:816:(pid 456): \ QUERY_HCA_CAP(0x100) op_mod(0x0) failed, \ status bad parameter(0x3), syndrome (0x3a3846), err(-22) mlx5_core 0000:00:03.0 enp0s3np0 (unregistered): Unloading uplink \ representor for vport 65535 ------------[ cut here ]------------ kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12070! Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 456 Comm: devlink Not tainted 6.16.0-rc3+ \ #9 PREEMPT(voluntary) RIP: 0010:unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x123/0xae0 ... Call Trace: [ 90.923094] unregister_netdevice_queue+0xad/0xf0 [ 90.923323] unregister_netdev+0x1c/0x40 [ 90.923522] mlx5e_vport_rep_unload+0x61/0xc6 [ 90.923736] esw_offloads_enable+0x8e6/0x920 [ 90.923947] mlx5_eswitch_enable_locked+0x349/0x430 [ 90.924182] ? is_mp_supported+0x57/0xb0 [ 90.924376] mlx5_devlink_eswitch_mode_set+0x167/0x350 [ 90.924628] devlink_nl_eswitch_set_doit+0x6f/0xf0 [ 90.924862] genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0xe8/0x140 [ 90.925088] genl_rcv_msg+0x18b/0x290 [ 90.925269] ? __pfx_devlink_nl_pre_doit+0x10/0x10 [ 90.925506] ? __pfx_devlink_nl_eswitch_set_doit+0x10/0x10 [ 90.925766] ? __pfx_devlink_nl_post_doit+0x10/0x10 [ 90.926001] ? __pfx_genl_rcv_msg+0x10/0x10 [ 90.926206] netlink_rcv_skb+0x52/0x100 [ 90.926393] genl_rcv+0x28/0x40 [ 90.926557] netlink_unicast+0x27d/0x3d0 [ 90.926749] netlink_sendmsg+0x1f7/0x430 [ 90.926942] __sys_sendto+0x213/0x220 [ 90.927127] ? __sys_recvmsg+0x6a/0xd0 [ 90.927312] __x64_sys_sendto+0x24/0x30 [ 90.927504] do_syscall_64+0x50/0x1c0 [ 90.927687] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e [ 90.927929] RIP: 0033:0x7f7d0363e047

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/x25: Fix potential double free of skb When alloc_skb fails in x25_queue_rx_frame it calls kfree_skb(skb) at line 48 and returns 1 (error). This error propagates back through the call chain: x25_queue_rx_frame returns 1 | v x25_state3_machine receives the return value 1 and takes the else branch at line 278, setting queued=0 and returning 0 | v x25_process_rx_frame returns queued=0 | v x25_backlog_rcv at line 452 sees queued=0 and calls kfree_skb(skb) again This would free the same skb twice. Looking at x25_backlog_rcv: net/x25/x25_in.c:x25_backlog_rcv() { ... queued = x25_process_rx_frame(sk, skb); ... if (!queued) kfree_skb(skb); }

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Reject sleepable kprobe_multi programs at attach time kprobe.multi programs run in atomic/RCU context and cannot sleep. However, bpf_kprobe_multi_link_attach() did not validate whether the program being attached had the sleepable flag set, allowing sleepable helpers such as bpf_copy_from_user() to be invoked from a non-sleepable context. This causes a "sleeping function called from invalid context" splat: BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at ./include/linux/uaccess.h:169 in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 1787, name: sudo preempt_count: 1, expected: 0 RCU nest depth: 2, expected: 0 Fix this by rejecting sleepable programs early in bpf_kprobe_multi_link_attach(), before any further processing.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix incorrect pruning due to atomic fetch precision tracking When backtrack_insn encounters a BPF_STX instruction with BPF_ATOMIC and BPF_FETCH, the src register (or r0 for BPF_CMPXCHG) also acts as a destination, thus receiving the old value from the memory location. The current backtracking logic does not account for this. It treats atomic fetch operations the same as regular stores where the src register is only an input. This leads the backtrack_insn to fail to propagate precision to the stack location, which is then not marked as precise! Later, the verifier's path pruning can incorrectly consider two states equivalent when they differ in terms of stack state. Meaning, two branches can be treated as equivalent and thus get pruned when they should not be seen as such. Fix it as follows: Extend the BPF_LDX handling in backtrack_insn to also cover atomic fetch operations via is_atomic_fetch_insn() helper. When the fetch dst register is being tracked for precision, clear it, and propagate precision over to the stack slot. For non-stack memory, the precision walk stops at the atomic instruction, same as regular BPF_LDX. This covers all fetch variants. Before: 0: (b7) r1 = 8 ; R1=8 1: (7b) *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = r1 ; R1=8 R10=fp0 fp-8=8 2: (b7) r2 = 0 ; R2=0 3: (db) r2 = atomic64_fetch_add((u64 *)(r10 -8), r2) ; R2=8 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm 4: (bf) r3 = r10 ; R3=fp0 R10=fp0 5: (0f) r3 += r2 mark_precise: frame0: last_idx 5 first_idx 0 subseq_idx -1 mark_precise: frame0: regs=r2 stack= before 4: (bf) r3 = r10 mark_precise: frame0: regs=r2 stack= before 3: (db) r2 = atomic64_fetch_add((u64 *)(r10 -8), r2) mark_precise: frame0: regs=r2 stack= before 2: (b7) r2 = 0 6: R2=8 R3=fp8 6: (b7) r0 = 0 ; R0=0 7: (95) exit After: 0: (b7) r1 = 8 ; R1=8 1: (7b) *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = r1 ; R1=8 R10=fp0 fp-8=8 2: (b7) r2 = 0 ; R2=0 3: (db) r2 = atomic64_fetch_add((u64 *)(r10 -8), r2) ; R2=8 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm 4: (bf) r3 = r10 ; R3=fp0 R10=fp0 5: (0f) r3 += r2 mark_precise: frame0: last_idx 5 first_idx 0 subseq_idx -1 mark_precise: frame0: regs=r2 stack= before 4: (bf) r3 = r10 mark_precise: frame0: regs=r2 stack= before 3: (db) r2 = atomic64_fetch_add((u64 *)(r10 -8), r2) mark_precise: frame0: regs= stack=-8 before 2: (b7) r2 = 0 mark_precise: frame0: regs= stack=-8 before 1: (7b) *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = r1 mark_precise: frame0: regs=r1 stack= before 0: (b7) r1 = 8 6: R2=8 R3=fp8 6: (b7) r0 = 0 ; R0=0 7: (95) exit

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: gpio: qixis-fpga: Fix error handling for devm_regmap_init_mmio() devm_regmap_init_mmio() returns an ERR_PTR() on failure, not NULL. The original code checked for NULL which would never trigger on error, potentially leading to an invalid pointer dereference. Use IS_ERR() and PTR_ERR() to properly handle the error case.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: accel/qaic: Handle DBC deactivation if the owner went away When a DBC is released, the device sends a QAIC_TRANS_DEACTIVATE_FROM_DEV transaction to the host over the QAIC_CONTROL MHI channel. QAIC handles this by calling decode_deactivate() to release the resources allocated for that DBC. Since that handling is done in the qaic_manage_ioctl() context, if the user goes away before receiving and handling the deactivation, the host will be out-of-sync with the DBCs available for use, and the DBC resources will not be freed unless the device is removed. If another user loads and requests to activate a network, then the device assigns the same DBC to that network, QAIC will "indefinitely" wait for dbc->in_use = false, leading the user process to hang. As a solution to this, handle QAIC_TRANS_DEACTIVATE_FROM_DEV transactions that are received after the user has gone away.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: ctxfi: Check the error for index mapping The ctxfi driver blindly assumed a proper value returned from daio_device_index(), but it's not always true. Add a proper error check to deal with the error from the function.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: ctxfi: Fix missing SPDIFI1 index handling SPDIF1 DAIO type isn't properly handled in daio_device_index() for hw20k2, and it returned -EINVAL, which ended up with the out-of-bounds array access. Follow the hw20k1 pattern and return the proper index for this type, too.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: ctxfi: Don't enumerate SPDIF1 at DAIO initialization The recent refactoring of xfi driver changed the assignment of atc->daios[] at atc_get_resources(); now it loops over all enum DAIOTYP entries while it looped formerly only a part of them. The problem is that the last entry, SPDIF1, is a special type that is used only for hw20k1 CTSB073X model (as a replacement of SPDIFIO), and there is no corresponding definition for hw20k2. Due to the lack of the info, it caused a kernel crash on hw20k2, which was already worked around by the commit b045ab3dff97 ("ALSA: ctxfi: Fix missing SPDIFI1 index handling"). This patch addresses the root cause of the regression above properly, simply by skipping the incorrect SPDIF1 type in the parser loop. For making the change clearer, the code is slightly arranged, too.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: io_uring/net: fix slab-out-of-bounds read in io_bundle_nbufs() sqe->len is __u32 but gets stored into sr->len which is int. When userspace passes sqe->len values exceeding INT_MAX (e.g. 0xFFFFFFFF), sr->len overflows to a negative value. This negative value propagates through the bundle recv/send path: 1. io_recv(): sel.val = sr->len (ssize_t gets -1) 2. io_recv_buf_select(): arg.max_len = sel->val (size_t gets 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) 3. io_ring_buffers_peek(): buf->len is not clamped because max_len is astronomically large 4. iov[].iov_len = 0xFFFFFFFF flows into io_bundle_nbufs() 5. io_bundle_nbufs(): min_t(int, 0xFFFFFFFF, ret) yields -1, causing ret to increase instead of decrease, creating an infinite loop that reads past the allocated iov[] array This results in a slab-out-of-bounds read in io_bundle_nbufs() from the kmalloc-64 slab, as nbufs increments past the allocated iovec entries. BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in io_bundle_nbufs+0x128/0x160 Read of size 8 at addr ffff888100ae05c8 by task exp/145 Call Trace: io_bundle_nbufs+0x128/0x160 io_recv_finish+0x117/0xe20 io_recv+0x2db/0x1160 Fix this by rejecting negative sr->len values early in both io_sendmsg_prep() and io_recvmsg_prep(). Since sqe->len is __u32, any value > INT_MAX indicates overflow and is not a valid length.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bridge: br_nd_send: validate ND option lengths br_nd_send() walks ND options according to option-provided lengths. A malformed option can make the parser advance beyond the computed option span or use a too-short source LLADDR option payload. Validate option lengths against the remaining NS option area before advancing, and only read source LLADDR when the option is large enough for an Ethernet address.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: comedi: dt2815: add hardware detection to prevent crash The dt2815 driver crashes when attached to I/O ports without actual hardware present. This occurs because syzkaller or users can attach the driver to arbitrary I/O addresses via COMEDI_DEVCONFIG ioctl. When no hardware exists at the specified port, inb() operations return 0xff (floating bus), but outb() operations can trigger page faults due to undefined behavior, especially under race conditions: BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 000000007fffff90 #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page RIP: 0010:dt2815_attach+0x6e0/0x1110 Add hardware detection by reading the status register before attempting any write operations. If the read returns 0xff, assume no hardware is present and fail the attach with -ENODEV. This prevents crashes from outb() operations on non-existent hardware.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: comedi: runflags cannot determine whether to reclaim chanlist syzbot reported a memory leak [1], because commit 4e1da516debb ("comedi: Add reference counting for Comedi command handling") did not consider the exceptional exit case in do_cmd_ioctl() where runflags is not set. This caused chanlist not to be properly freed by do_become_nonbusy(), as it only frees chanlist when runflags is correctly set. Added a check in do_become_nonbusy() for the case where runflags is not set, to properly free the chanlist memory. [1] BUG: memory leak backtrace (crc 844a0efa): __comedi_get_user_chanlist drivers/comedi/comedi_fops.c:1815 [inline] do_cmd_ioctl.part.0+0x112/0x350 drivers/comedi/comedi_fops.c:1890 do_cmd_ioctl drivers/comedi/comedi_fops.c:1858 [inline]

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: comedi: ni_atmio16d: Fix invalid clean-up after failed attach If the driver's COMEDI "attach" handler function (`atmio16d_attach()`) returns an error, the COMEDI core will call the driver's "detach" handler function (`atmio16d_detach()`) to clean up. This calls `reset_atmio16d()` unconditionally, but depending on where the error occurred in the attach handler, the device may not have been sufficiently initialized to call `reset_atmio16d()`. It uses `dev->iobase` as the I/O port base address and `dev->private` as the pointer to the COMEDI device's private data structure. `dev->iobase` may still be set to its initial value of 0, which would result in undesired writes to low I/O port addresses. `dev->private` may still be `NULL`, which would result in null pointer dereferences. Fix `atmio16d_detach()` by checking that `dev->private` is valid (non-null) before calling `reset_atmio16d()`. This implies that `dev->iobase` was set correctly since that is set up before `dev->private`.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: comedi: me_daq: Fix potential overrun of firmware buffer `me2600_xilinx_download()` loads the firmware that was requested by `request_firmware()`. It is possible for it to overrun the source buffer because it blindly trusts the file format. It reads a data stream length from the first 4 bytes into variable `file_length` and reads the data stream contents of length `file_length` from offset 16 onwards. Although it checks that the supplied firmware is at least 16 bytes long, it does not check that it is long enough to contain the data stream. Add a test to ensure that the supplied firmware is long enough to contain the header and the data stream. On failure, log an error and return `-EINVAL`.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: comedi: me4000: Fix potential overrun of firmware buffer `me4000_xilinx_download()` loads the firmware that was requested by `request_firmware()`. It is possible for it to overrun the source buffer because it blindly trusts the file format. It reads a data stream length from the first 4 bytes into variable `file_length` and reads the data stream contents of length `file_length` from offset 16 onwards. Add a test to ensure that the supplied firmware is long enough to contain the header and the data stream. On failure, log an error and return `-EINVAL`. Note: The firmware loading was totally broken before commit ac584af59945 ("staging: comedi: me4000: fix firmware downloading"), but that is the most sensible target for this fix.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: s390/zcrypt: Fix memory leak with CCA cards used as accelerator Tests showed that there is a memory leak if CCA cards are used as accelerator for clear key RSA requests (ME and CRT). With the last rework for the memory allocation the AP messages are allocated by ap_init_apmsg() but for some reason on two places (ME and CRT) the older allocation was still in place. So the first allocation simple was never freed.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: reset: gpio: fix double free in reset_add_gpio_aux_device() error path When __auxiliary_device_add() fails, reset_add_gpio_aux_device() calls auxiliary_device_uninit(adev). The device release callback reset_gpio_aux_device_release() frees adev, but the current error path then calls kfree(adev) again, causing a double free. Keep kfree(adev) for the auxiliary_device_init() failure path, but avoid freeing adev after auxiliary_device_uninit().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: PM: EM: Fix NULL pointer dereference when perf domain ID is not found dev_energymodel_nl_get_perf_domains_doit() calls em_perf_domain_get_by_id() but does not check the return value before passing it to __em_nl_get_pd_size(). When a caller supplies a non-existent perf domain ID, em_perf_domain_get_by_id() returns NULL, and __em_nl_get_pd_size() immediately dereferences pd->cpus (struct offset 0x30), causing a NULL pointer dereference. The sister handler dev_energymodel_nl_get_perf_table_doit() already handles this correctly via __em_nl_get_pd_table_id(), which returns NULL and causes the caller to return -EINVAL. Add the same NULL check in the get-perf-domains do handler. [ rjw: Subject and changelog edits ]

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nvmem: zynqmp_nvmem: Fix buffer size in DMA and memcpy Buffer size used in dma allocation and memcpy is wrong. It can lead to undersized DMA buffer access and possible memory corruption. use correct buffer size in dma_alloc_coherent and memcpy.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vt: discard stale unicode buffer on alt screen exit after resize When enter_alt_screen() saves vc_uni_lines into vc_saved_uni_lines and sets vc_uni_lines to NULL, a subsequent console resize via vc_do_resize() skips reallocating the unicode buffer because vc_uni_lines is NULL. However, vc_saved_uni_lines still points to the old buffer allocated for the original dimensions. When leave_alt_screen() later restores vc_saved_uni_lines, the buffer dimensions no longer match vc_rows/vc_cols. Any operation that iterates over the unicode buffer using the current dimensions (e.g. csi_J clearing the screen) will access memory out of bounds, causing a kernel oops: BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 0x0000002000000020 RIP: 0010:csi_J+0x133/0x2d0 The faulting address 0x0000002000000020 is two adjacent u32 space characters (0x20) interpreted as a pointer, read from the row data area past the end of the 25-entry pointer array in a buffer allocated for 80x25 but accessed with 240x67 dimensions. Fix this by checking whether the console dimensions changed while in the alternate screen. If they did, free the stale saved buffer instead of restoring it. The unicode screen will be lazily rebuilt via vc_uniscr_check() when next needed.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: counter: rz-mtu3-cnt: prevent counter from being toggled multiple times Runtime PM counter is incremented / decremented each time the sysfs enable file is written to. If user writes 0 to the sysfs enable file multiple times, runtime PM usage count underflows, generating the following message. rz-mtu3-counter rz-mtu3-counter.0: Runtime PM usage count underflow! At the same time, hardware registers end up being accessed with clocks off in rz_mtu3_terminate_counter() to disable an already disabled channel. If user writes 1 to the sysfs enable file multiple times, runtime PM usage count will be incremented each time, requiring the same number of 0 writes to get it back to 0. If user writes 0 to the sysfs enable file while PWM is in progress, PWM is stopped without counter being the owner of the underlying MTU3 channel. Check against the cached count_is_enabled value and exit if the user is trying to set the same enable value.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: counter: rz-mtu3-cnt: do not use struct rz_mtu3_channel's dev member The counter driver can use HW channels 1 and 2, while the PWM driver can use HW channels 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7. The dev member is assigned both by the counter driver and the PWM driver for channels 1 and 2, to their own struct device instance, overwriting the previous value. The sub-drivers race to assign their own struct device pointer to the same struct rz_mtu3_channel's dev member. The dev member of struct rz_mtu3_channel is used by the counter sub-driver for runtime PM. Depending on the probe order of the counter and PWM sub-drivers, the dev member may point to the wrong struct device instance, causing the counter sub-driver to do runtime PM actions on the wrong device. To fix this, use the parent pointer of the counter, which is assigned during probe to the correct struct device, not the struct device pointer inside the shared struct rz_mtu3_channel.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: tegra - Add missing CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC The tegra crypto driver failed to set the CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC on its asynchronous algorithms, causing the crypto API to select them for users that request only synchronous algorithms. This causes crashes (at least). Fix this by adding the flag like what the other drivers do. Also remove the unnecessary CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_* flags, since those just get ignored and overridden by the registration function anyway.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vxlan: validate ND option lengths in vxlan_na_create vxlan_na_create() walks ND options according to option-provided lengths. A malformed option can make the parser advance beyond the computed option span or use a too-short source LLADDR option payload. Validate option lengths against the remaining NS option area before advancing, and only read source LLADDR when the option is large enough for an Ethernet address.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ftgmac100: fix ring allocation unwind on open failure ftgmac100_alloc_rings() allocates rx_skbs, tx_skbs, rxdes, txdes, and rx_scratch in stages. On intermediate failures it returned -ENOMEM directly, leaking resources allocated earlier in the function. Rework the failure path to use staged local unwind labels and free allocated resources in reverse order before returning -ENOMEM. This matches common netdev allocation cleanup style.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ethernet: mtk_ppe: avoid NULL deref when gmac0 is disabled If the gmac0 is disabled, the precheck for a valid ingress device will cause a NULL pointer deref and crash the system. This happens because eth->netdev[0] will be NULL but the code will directly try to access netdev_ops. Instead of just checking for the first net_device, it must be checked if any of the mtk_eth net_devices is matching the netdev_ops of the ingress device.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommupt: Fix short gather if the unmap goes into a large mapping unmap has the odd behavior that it can unmap more than requested if the ending point lands within the middle of a large or contiguous IOPTE. In this case the gather should flush everything unmapped which can be larger than what was requested to be unmapped. The gather was only flushing the range requested to be unmapped, not extending to the extra range, resulting in a short invalidation if the caller hits this special condition. This was found by the new invalidation/gather test I am adding in preparation for ARMv8. Claude deduced the root cause. As far as I remember nothing relies on unmapping a large entry, so this is likely not a triggerable bug.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sched_ext: Fix is_bpf_migration_disabled() false negative on non-PREEMPT_RCU Since commit 8e4f0b1ebcf2 ("bpf: use rcu_read_lock_dont_migrate() for trampoline.c"), the BPF prolog (__bpf_prog_enter) calls migrate_disable() only when CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU is enabled, via rcu_read_lock_dont_migrate(). Without CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU, the prolog never touches migration_disabled, so migration_disabled == 1 always means the task is truly migration-disabled regardless of whether it is the current task. The old unconditional p == current check was a false negative in this case, potentially allowing a migration-disabled task to be dispatched to a remote CPU and triggering scx_error in task_can_run_on_remote_rq(). Only apply the p == current disambiguation when CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU is enabled, where the ambiguity with the BPF prolog still exists.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sched_ext: Fix stale direct dispatch state in ddsp_dsq_id @p->scx.ddsp_dsq_id can be left set (non-SCX_DSQ_INVALID) triggering a spurious warning in mark_direct_dispatch() when the next wakeup's ops.select_cpu() calls scx_bpf_dsq_insert(), such as: WARNING: kernel/sched/ext.c:1273 at scx_dsq_insert_commit+0xcd/0x140 The root cause is that ddsp_dsq_id was only cleared in dispatch_enqueue(), which is not reached in all paths that consume or cancel a direct dispatch verdict. Fix it by clearing it at the right places: - direct_dispatch(): cache the direct dispatch state in local variables and clear it before dispatch_enqueue() on the synchronous path. For the deferred path, the direct dispatch state must remain set until process_ddsp_deferred_locals() consumes them. - process_ddsp_deferred_locals(): cache the dispatch state in local variables and clear it before calling dispatch_to_local_dsq(), which may migrate the task to another rq. - do_enqueue_task(): clear the dispatch state on the enqueue path (local/global/bypass fallbacks), where the direct dispatch verdict is ignored. - dequeue_task_scx(): clear the dispatch state after dispatch_dequeue() to handle both the deferred dispatch cancellation and the holding_cpu race, covering all cases where a pending direct dispatch is cancelled. - scx_disable_task(): clear the direct dispatch state when transitioning a task out of the current scheduler. Waking tasks may have had the direct dispatch state set by the outgoing scheduler's ops.select_cpu() and then been queued on a wake_list via ttwu_queue_wakelist(), when SCX_OPS_ALLOW_QUEUED_WAKEUP is set. Such tasks are not on the runqueue and are not iterated by scx_bypass(), so their direct dispatch state won't be cleared. Without this clear, any subsequent SCX scheduler that tries to direct dispatch the task will trigger the WARN_ON_ONCE() in mark_direct_dispatch().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: gpio: Fix resource leaks on errors in gpiochip_add_data_with_key() Since commit aab5c6f20023 ("gpio: set device type for GPIO chips"), `gdev->dev.release` is unset. As a result, the reference count to `gdev->dev` isn't dropped on the error handling paths. Drop the reference on errors. Also reorder the instructions to make the error handling simpler. Now gpiochip_add_data_with_key() roughly looks like: >>> Some memory allocation. Go to ERR ZONE 1 on errors. >>> device_initialize(). gpiodev_release() takes over the responsibility for freeing the resources of `gdev->dev`. The subsequent error handling paths shouldn't go through ERR ZONE 1 again which leads to double free. >>> Some initialization mainly on `gdev`. >>> The rest of initialization. Go to ERR ZONE 2 on errors. >>> Chip registration success and exit. >>> ERR ZONE 2. gpio_device_put() and exit. >>> ERR ZONE 1.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: thermal: core: Address thermal zone removal races with resume Since thermal_zone_pm_complete() and thermal_zone_device_resume() re-initialize the poll_queue delayed work for the given thermal zone, the cancel_delayed_work_sync() in thermal_zone_device_unregister() may miss some already running work items and the thermal zone may be freed prematurely [1]. There are two failing scenarios that both start with running thermal_pm_notify_complete() right before invoking thermal_zone_device_unregister() for one of the thermal zones. In the first scenario, there is a work item already running for the given thermal zone when thermal_pm_notify_complete() calls thermal_zone_pm_complete() for that thermal zone and it continues to run when thermal_zone_device_unregister() starts. Since the poll_queue delayed work has been re-initialized by thermal_pm_notify_complete(), the running work item will be missed by the cancel_delayed_work_sync() in thermal_zone_device_unregister() and if it continues to run past the freeing of the thermal zone object, a use-after-free will occur. In the second scenario, thermal_zone_device_resume() queued up by thermal_pm_notify_complete() runs right after the thermal_zone_exit() called by thermal_zone_device_unregister() has returned. The poll_queue delayed work is re-initialized by it before cancel_delayed_work_sync() is called by thermal_zone_device_unregister(), so it may continue to run after the freeing of the thermal zone object, which also leads to a use-after-free. Address the first failing scenario by ensuring that no thermal work items will be running when thermal_pm_notify_complete() is called. For this purpose, first move the cancel_delayed_work() call from thermal_zone_pm_complete() to thermal_zone_pm_prepare() to prevent new work from entering the workqueue going forward. Next, switch over to using a dedicated workqueue for thermal events and update the code in thermal_pm_notify() to flush that workqueue after thermal_pm_notify_prepare() has returned which will take care of all leftover thermal work already on the workqueue (that leftover work would do nothing useful anyway because all of the thermal zones have been flagged as suspended). The second failing scenario is addressed by adding a tz->state check to thermal_zone_device_resume() to prevent it from re-initializing the poll_queue delayed work if the thermal zone is going away. Note that the above changes will also facilitate relocating the suspend and resume of thermal zones closer to the suspend and resume of devices, respectively.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: misc: fastrpc: possible double-free of cctx->remote_heap fastrpc_init_create_static_process() may free cctx->remote_heap on the err_map path but does not clear the pointer. Later, fastrpc_rpmsg_remove() frees cctx->remote_heap again if it is non-NULL, which can lead to a double-free if the INIT_CREATE_STATIC ioctl hits the error path and the rpmsg device is subsequently removed/unbound. Clear cctx->remote_heap after freeing it in the error path to prevent the later cleanup from freeing it again. This issue was found by an in-house analysis workflow that extracts AST-based information and runs static checks, with LLM assistance for triage, and was confirmed by manual code review. No hardware testing was performed.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: typec: ucsi: validate connector number in ucsi_notify_common() The connector number extracted from CCI via UCSI_CCI_CONNECTOR() is a 7-bit field (0-127) that is used to index into the connector array in ucsi_connector_change(). However, the array is only allocated for the number of connectors reported by the device (typically 2-4 entries). A malicious or malfunctioning device could report an out-of-range connector number in the CCI, causing an out-of-bounds array access in ucsi_connector_change(). Add a bounds check in ucsi_notify_common(), the central point where CCI is parsed after arriving from hardware, so that bogus connector numbers are rejected before they propagate further.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: gadget: u_ether: Fix race between gether_disconnect and eth_stop A race condition between gether_disconnect() and eth_stop() leads to a NULL pointer dereference. Specifically, if eth_stop() is triggered concurrently while gether_disconnect() is tearing down the endpoints, eth_stop() attempts to access the cleared endpoint descriptor, causing the following NPE: Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference Call trace: __dwc3_gadget_ep_enable+0x60/0x788 dwc3_gadget_ep_enable+0x70/0xe4 usb_ep_enable+0x60/0x15c eth_stop+0xb8/0x108 Because eth_stop() crashes while holding the dev->lock, the thread running gether_disconnect() fails to acquire the same lock and spins forever, resulting in a hardlockup: Core - Debugging Information for Hardlockup core(7) Call trace: queued_spin_lock_slowpath+0x94/0x488 _raw_spin_lock+0x64/0x6c gether_disconnect+0x19c/0x1e8 ncm_set_alt+0x68/0x1a0 composite_setup+0x6a0/0xc50 The root cause is that the clearing of dev->port_usb in gether_disconnect() is delayed until the end of the function. Move the clearing of dev->port_usb to the very beginning of gether_disconnect() while holding dev->lock. This cuts off the link immediately, ensuring eth_stop() will see dev->port_usb as NULL and safely bail out.