CVE-2026-31789

Issue summary: Converting an excessively large OCTET STRING value to

a hexadecimal string leads to a heap buffer overflow on 32 bit platforms.

Impact summary: A heap buffer overflow may lead to a crash or possibly

an attacker controlled code execution or other undefined behavior.

If an attacker can supply a crafted X.509 certificate with an excessively

large OCTET STRING value in extensions such as the Subject Key Identifier

(SKID) or Authority Key Identifier (AKID) which are being converted to hex,

the size of the buffer needed for the result is calculated as multiplication

of the input length by 3. On 32 bit platforms, this multiplication may overflow

resulting in the allocation of a smaller buffer and a heap buffer overflow.

Applications and services that print or log contents of untrusted X.509

certificates are vulnerable to this issue. As the certificates would have

to have sizes of over 1 Gigabyte, printing or logging such certificates

is a fairly unlikely operation and only 32 bit platforms are affected,

this issue was assigned Low severity.

The FIPS modules in 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3 and 3.0 are not affected by this

issue, as the affected code is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.