CVE-2026-23192

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

linkwatch: use __dev_put() in callers to prevent UAF

After linkwatch_do_dev() calls __dev_put() to release the linkwatch

reference, the device refcount may drop to 1. At this point,

netdev_run_todo() can proceed (since linkwatch_sync_dev() sees an

empty list and returns without blocking), wait for the refcount to

become 1 via netdev_wait_allrefs_any(), and then free the device

via kobject_put().

This creates a use-after-free when __linkwatch_run_queue() tries to

call netdev_unlock_ops() on the already-freed device.

Note that adding netdev_lock_ops()/netdev_unlock_ops() pair in

netdev_run_todo() before kobject_put() would not work, because

netdev_lock_ops() is conditional - it only locks when

netdev_need_ops_lock() returns true. If the device doesn't require

ops_lock, linkwatch won't hold any lock, and netdev_run_todo()

acquiring the lock won't provide synchronization.

Fix this by moving __dev_put() from linkwatch_do_dev() to its

callers. The device reference logically pairs with de-listing the

device, so it's reasonable for the caller that did the de-listing

to release it. This allows placing __dev_put() after all device

accesses are complete, preventing UAF.

The bug can be reproduced by adding mdelay(2000) after

linkwatch_do_dev() in __linkwatch_run_queue(), then running:

ip tuntap add mode tun name tun_test

ip link set tun_test up

ip link set tun_test carrier off

ip link set tun_test carrier on

sleep 0.5

ip tuntap del mode tun name tun_test

KASAN report:

==================================================================

BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in netdev_need_ops_lock include/net/netdev_lock.h:33 [inline]

BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in netdev_unlock_ops include/net/netdev_lock.h:47 [inline]

BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in __linkwatch_run_queue+0x865/0x8a0 net/core/link_watch.c:245

Read of size 8 at addr ffff88804de5c008 by task kworker/u32:10/8123

CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 8123 Comm: kworker/u32:10 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full)

Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014

Workqueue: events_unbound linkwatch_event

Call Trace:

<TASK>

__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]

dump_stack_lvl+0x100/0x190 lib/dump_stack.c:120

print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline]

print_report+0x156/0x4c9 mm/kasan/report.c:482

kasan_report+0xdf/0x1a0 mm/kasan/report.c:595

netdev_need_ops_lock include/net/netdev_lock.h:33 [inline]

netdev_unlock_ops include/net/netdev_lock.h:47 [inline]

__linkwatch_run_queue+0x865/0x8a0 net/core/link_watch.c:245

linkwatch_event+0x8f/0xc0 net/core/link_watch.c:304

process_one_work+0x9c2/0x1840 kernel/workqueue.c:3257

process_scheduled_works kernel/workqueue.c:3340 [inline]

worker_thread+0x5da/0xe40 kernel/workqueue.c:3421

kthread+0x3b3/0x730 kernel/kthread.c:463

ret_from_fork+0x754/0xaf0 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158

ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:246

</TASK>

==================================================================