CVE-2025-65821
CWE-1191Published: December 10, 2025· Updated: Jun 17, 2026
Official Description
As UART download mode is still enabled on the ESP32 chip on which the firmware runs, an adversary can dump the flash from the device and retrieve sensitive information such as details about the current and previous Wi-Fi network from the NVS partition. Additionally, this allows the adversary to reflash the device with their own firmware which may contain malicious modifications.
Technical Analysis
CVE-2025-65821 can be exploited remotely over the network without requiring physical or adjacent access, significantly expanding the attack surface for threat actors.
The vulnerability requires no privileges and no user interaction, making it a prime target for automated exploitation campaigns and worm-like propagation.
A successful exploit results in complete confidentiality breach (data exposure), with a CVSS base score of 7.5.
CVSS v3.1 Vector Breakdown
Affected Vendors & Products
Exploit & PoC Resources
Official Patches & Advisories
All References (2)
Quick Facts
Related CVEs (CWE-1191)
Recommended Actions
- →Apply vendor patches immediately
- →Monitor CVE-2025-65821 in threat intel feeds
- →Review IDS/IPS signatures for exploitation attempts