HOMEVULNERABILITIESCVE-2025-25291
CRITICAL

CVE-2025-25291

CWE-347Published: March 12, 2025· Updated: Jun 17, 2026

9.8
CVSS v3.1

Official Description

ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.

NVD Source

Technical Analysis

CVE-2025-25291 can be exploited remotely over the network without requiring physical or adjacent access, significantly expanding the attack surface for threat actors.

The vulnerability requires no privileges and no user interaction, making it a prime target for automated exploitation campaigns and worm-like propagation.

A successful exploit results in complete confidentiality breach (data exposure), full integrity compromise (data manipulation), availability disruption (denial of service), with a CVSS base score of 9.8.

CVSS v3.1 Vector Breakdown

Exploitability
Attack VectorNetwork
Attack ComplexityLow
Privileges Req.None
User InteractionNone
ScopeUnchanged
Impact
ConfidentialityHigh
IntegrityHigh
AvailabilityHigh
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected Vendors & Products

netapp1 product(s)
storagegrid
omniauth1 product(s)
omniauth saml
onelogin1 product(s)
ruby-saml
Source: NVD CPE · 3 total CPE entries

Exploit & PoC Resources

NO KNOWN EXPLOITNo public exploit confirmed at this time
Exploit-DB
Offensive Security exploit database
GitHub PoC Search
Community PoC repositories
Rapid7 / Metasploit
Metasploit module search
PacketStorm
Security advisories & exploits
NVD Detail
Official NIST entry
MITRE CVE
CVE Program entry
External links open in a new tab. Always verify in a controlled environment before use.

Official Patches & Advisories

PATCHhttps://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released
PATCHhttps://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9
PATCHhttps://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97
ADVISORYhttps://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials
ADVISORYhttps://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm
ADVISORYhttps://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv
ADVISORYhttps://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins
ADVISORYhttps://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml
ADVISORYhttps://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/

All References (13)

→
https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-releasedPatch
→
https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentialsExploit · Third Party Advisory
→
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9Patch
→
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97Patch
→
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4Release Notes
→
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0Release Notes
→
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jmVendor Advisory
→
https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xvVendor Advisory
→
https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-winsExploit · Third Party Advisory
→
https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-samlThird Party Advisory
→
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html
→
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519Issue Tracking
→
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/Third Party Advisory

Quick Facts

CVE IDCVE-2025-25291
CVSS Score9.8 / 10
SeverityCRITICAL
WeaknessCWE-347
CISA KEVNo
Affected3 vendor(s)
PublishedMar 12, 2025

Related CVEs (CWE-347)

CVE-2024-32962
10.0
CVE-2026-56451
10.0
CVE-2026-48558
KEV10.0
CVE-2026-44748
9.9
CVE-2019-1010161
9.8
CVE-2019-13177
9.8

Recommended Actions

  • →Apply vendor patches immediately
  • →Monitor CVE-2025-25291 in threat intel feeds
  • →Review IDS/IPS signatures for exploitation attempts
Data sourced from NVD (NIST), CISA KEV, and EPSS (FIRST). Analysis generated by CTIWATCH.COM. CVE data is provided under the NVD usage policy.
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