Is CVE-2023-3991 actively exploited?

No active exploitation of CVE-2023-3991 has been confirmed so far. Continue monitoring, as exploit status can change.

Can CVE-2023-3991 be exploited remotely?

Yes. CVE-2023-3991 is exploitable remotely over the network (CVSS attack vector: Network).

What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-3991?

CVE-2023-3991 has a CVSS score of 9.8 (CRITICAL).

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CRITICAL

CVE-2023-3991

CWE-78Published: October 16, 2023· Updated: Jun 17, 2026

9.8

CVSS v3.1

Official Description

An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the httpd iperfrun.cgi functionality of FreshTomato 2023.3. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can send an HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.

NVD Source

Risk Analysis

FreshTomato firmware contains an OS command injection vulnerability in its iperfrun.cgi functionality. An attacker can execute arbitrary commands on the device by sending a crafted HTTP request, resulting in a critical 9.8 CVSS score.

There is no known public exploit for this vulnerability, and it is not in the CISA KEV catalog. It is remotely exploitable.

Recommended Action

Users should update to a version of FreshTomato that addresses this command injection flaw.

Generated by the CTIWATCH analysis pipeline from this CVE's metadata (CVSS, EPSS, KEV status, exploit intelligence). Verify against vendor advisories before acting.

Technical Analysis

CVE-2023-3991 can be exploited remotely over the network without requiring physical or adjacent access, significantly expanding the attack surface for threat actors.

The vulnerability requires no privileges and no user interaction, making it a prime target for automated exploitation campaigns and worm-like propagation.

A successful exploit results in complete confidentiality breach (data exposure), full integrity compromise (data manipulation), availability disruption (denial of service), with a CVSS base score of 9.8.