CVE-2023-33778
CWE-798Published: June 1, 2023· Updated: Jun 17, 2026
Official Description
Draytek Vigor Routers firmware versions below 3.9.6/4.2.4, Access Points firmware versions below v1.4.0, Switches firmware versions below 2.6.7, and Myvigor firmware versions below 2.3.2 were discovered to use hardcoded encryption keys which allows attackers to bind any affected device to their own account. Attackers are then able to create WCF and DrayDDNS licenses and synchronize them from the website.
Risk Analysis
Draytek devices use hardcoded encryption keys, allowing attackers to hijack device management by binding them to unauthorized accounts. This critical vulnerability is scored at 9.8 and impacts routers, access points, and switches.
No public exploit is known, and the vulnerability is not in the CISA KEV catalog. It is remotely exploitable with low attack complexity.
Users must update firmware to the specified versions (e.g., 3.9.6/4.2.4 for routers) to replace the hardcoded keys.
Technical Analysis
CVE-2023-33778 can be exploited remotely over the network without requiring physical or adjacent access, significantly expanding the attack surface for threat actors.
The vulnerability requires no privileges and no user interaction, making it a prime target for automated exploitation campaigns and worm-like propagation.
A successful exploit results in complete confidentiality breach (data exposure), full integrity compromise (data manipulation), availability disruption (denial of service), with a CVSS base score of 9.8.
CVSS v3.1 Vector Breakdown
Affected Vendors & Products
Exploit & PoC Resources
Official Patches & Advisories
All References (2)
Quick Facts
Related CVEs (CWE-798)
Recommended Actions
- →Apply vendor patches immediately
- →Monitor CVE-2023-33778 in threat intel feeds
- →Review IDS/IPS signatures for exploitation attempts