Is CVE-2023-22491 actively exploited?

No active exploitation of CVE-2023-22491 has been confirmed so far. Continue monitoring, as exploit status can change.

Can CVE-2023-22491 be exploited remotely?

Yes. CVE-2023-22491 is exploitable remotely over the network (CVSS attack vector: Network).

What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-22491?

CVE-2023-22491 has a CVSS score of 5.4 (MEDIUM).

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MEDIUM

CVE-2023-22491

CWE-20Published: January 13, 2023· Updated: Jun 17, 2026

5.4

CVSS v3.1

Official Description

Gatsby is a free and open source framework based on React that helps developers build websites and apps. The gatsby-transformer-remark plugin prior to versions 5.25.1 and 6.3.2 passes input through to the `gray-matter` npm package, which is vulnerable to JavaScript injection in its default configuration, unless input is sanitized. The vulnerability is present in gatsby-transformer-remark when passing input in data mode (querying MarkdownRemark nodes via GraphQL). Injected JavaScript executes in the context of the build server. To exploit this vulnerability untrusted/unsanitized input would need to be sourced by or added into a file processed by gatsby-transformer-remark. A patch has been introduced in `gatsby-transformer-remark@5.25.1` and `gatsby-transformer-remark@6.3.2` which mitigates the issue by disabling the `gray-matter` JavaScript Frontmatter engine. As a workaround, if an older version of `gatsby-transformer-remark` must be used, input passed into the plugin should be sanitized ahead of processing. It is encouraged for projects to upgrade to the latest major release branch for all Gatsby plugins to ensure the latest security updates and bug fixes are received in a timely manner.

NVD Source

Technical Analysis

CVE-2023-22491 can be exploited remotely over the network without requiring physical or adjacent access, significantly expanding the attack surface for threat actors.

Exploitation requires low privileges, which limits the exposure to scenarios where an attacker has already gained initial access.

The vulnerability has a "Changed" scope, meaning successful exploitation can impact components beyond the vulnerable component itself — such as the host operating system or adjacent services.