HOMEVULNERABILITIESCVE-2021-4278
HIGH

CVE-2021-4278

CWE-1321Published: December 25, 2022· Updated: Jun 17, 2026

7.8
CVSS v3.1

Official Description

A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in cronvel tree-kit up to 0.6.x. This affects an unknown part. The manipulation leads to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes ('prototype pollution'). Upgrading to version 0.7.0 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is a63f559c50d70e8cb2eaae670dec25d1dbc4afcd. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier VDB-216765 was assigned to this vulnerability.

NVD Source

Technical Analysis

CVE-2021-4278 requires local access, meaning attackers must already have a foothold on the target system.

Exploitation requires low privileges, which limits the exposure to scenarios where an attacker has already gained initial access.

A successful exploit results in complete confidentiality breach (data exposure), full integrity compromise (data manipulation), availability disruption (denial of service), with a CVSS base score of 7.8.

CVSS v3.1 Vector Breakdown

Exploitability
Attack VectorLocal
Attack ComplexityLow
Privileges Req.Low
User InteractionNone
ScopeUnchanged
Impact
ConfidentialityHigh
IntegrityHigh
AvailabilityHigh
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected Vendors & Products

tree_kit_project1 product(s)
tree kit
Source: NVD CPE · 1 total CPE entries

Exploit & PoC Resources

NO KNOWN EXPLOITNo public exploit confirmed at this time
Exploit-DB
Offensive Security exploit database
GitHub PoC Search
Community PoC repositories
Rapid7 / Metasploit
Metasploit module search
PacketStorm
Security advisories & exploits
NVD Detail
Official NIST entry
MITRE CVE
CVE Program entry
External links open in a new tab. Always verify in a controlled environment before use.

Official Patches & Advisories

PATCHhttps://github.com/cronvel/tree-kit/commit/a63f559c50d70e8cb2eaae670dec25d1dbc4afcd
PATCHhttps://github.com/cronvel/tree-kit/commit/a63f559c50d70e8cb2eaae670dec25d1dbc4afcd
ADVISORYhttps://github.com/cronvel/tree-kit/releases/tag/v0.7.0
ADVISORYhttps://vuldb.com/?ctiid.216765
ADVISORYhttps://vuldb.com/?id.216765
ADVISORYhttps://github.com/cronvel/tree-kit/releases/tag/v0.7.0
ADVISORYhttps://vuldb.com/?ctiid.216765
ADVISORYhttps://vuldb.com/?id.216765

All References (8)

→
https://github.com/cronvel/tree-kit/commit/a63f559c50d70e8cb2eaae670dec25d1dbc4afcdPatch · Third Party Advisory
→
https://github.com/cronvel/tree-kit/releases/tag/v0.7.0Release Notes · Third Party Advisory
→
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.216765Third Party Advisory
→
https://vuldb.com/?id.216765Third Party Advisory
→
https://github.com/cronvel/tree-kit/commit/a63f559c50d70e8cb2eaae670dec25d1dbc4afcdPatch · Third Party Advisory
→
https://github.com/cronvel/tree-kit/releases/tag/v0.7.0Release Notes · Third Party Advisory
→
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.216765Third Party Advisory
→
https://vuldb.com/?id.216765Third Party Advisory

Quick Facts

CVE IDCVE-2021-4278
CVSS Score7.8 / 10
SeverityHIGH
WeaknessCWE-1321
CISA KEVNo
Affected1 vendor(s)
PublishedDec 25, 2022

Related CVEs (CWE-1321)

CVE-2024-39008
10.0
CVE-2026-25881
10.0
CVE-2021-23449
10.0
CVE-2020-12079
10.0
CVE-2021-23594
10.0
CVE-2026-25150
10.0

Recommended Actions

  • →Apply vendor patches immediately
  • →Monitor CVE-2021-4278 in threat intel feeds
  • →Review IDS/IPS signatures for exploitation attempts
Data sourced from NVD (NIST), CISA KEV, and EPSS (FIRST). Analysis generated by CTIWatch. CVE data is provided under the NVD usage policy.
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