Threat Intelligence Directory

ColdStealer is a relatively new malicious program that was discovered in 2022. Like many other stealers its main purpose is to steal credentials and information from web browsers, in addition to stealing cryptocurrency wallets, FTP credentials, various files and information about the system such as OS version, system language, processor type and clipboard data. When the infostealer collects information that will be stolen, it saves the information in the ZIP form instead of files in the memory. Doing so will allow the malware to bypass detection as there are no traces of files and execution. The only known method of delivering stolen information to cybercriminals is by sending a ZIP archive to the hardcoded command and control (C2) server.

Cold$eal is a packer for encrypting (sealing) malware. It contains some AV-evasion techniques as well as some sandbox-detection. It was developed by $@dok (aka Sadok aka Coldseal). It was available as a cryptor service under the url coldseal.us and was later sold as a toolkit consisting of the cryptor and a custom made cryptostub including a FuD garantee backed by free update to the cryptostub. The payload was encrypted using RC4 and added to the cryptostub as a resource. The encryption key itself was stored inside the resource as well. Upon start the cryptostub would extract the key, decrypt the payload and perform a selfinjection using the now decrypted payload. Note: The packed sample provided contains some harmless payload, while the unpacked sample is the bare cryptostub without a payload.

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.coldlock

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.coldbrew

Coinminer is an unwanted malicious software which uses the victim's computational power (CPU and RAM mostly) to mine for coins (for example Monero or Zcash). The malware achieves persistence by adding one of the opensource miners on startup without the victim's consensus. Most sophisticated coin miners use timer settings or cap the CPU usage in order to remain stealthy.

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.cohhoc

Zscaler ThreatLabz states that this sophisticated malware family likely originated around September 2024. The purpose of the malware is to download and execute second-stage payloads while evading detection by endpoint-based security products. The malware uses numerous techniques to bypass security solutions, including a specialized packer called Armoury that utilizes the GPU, call stack spoofing, sleep obfuscation, and the use of Windows fibers. It also contains a backup DGA and is capable of deploying Rhadamanthys shellcode. ThreatLabz has observed CoffeeLoader being distributed via SmokeLoader, and both malware families share some behavioral similarities.

Ransomware.

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.codekey

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.cockblocker

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.cobra

CobInt, is a self-developed backdoor of the Cobalt group. The modular tool has capabilities to collect initial intelligence information about the compromised machine and stream video from its desktop. If the operator decides that the system is of interest, the backdoor will download and launch CobaltStrike framework stager. It's CRM mailslot module was also observed being downloaded by ISFB.

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.cobian_rat

Cobalt Strike is a paid penetration testing product that allows an attacker to deploy an agent named 'Beacon' on the victim machine. Beacon includes a wealth of functionality to the attacker, including, but not limited to command execution, key logging, file transfer, SOCKS proxying, privilege escalation, mimikatz, port scanning and lateral movement. Beacon is in-memory/file-less, in that it consists of stageless or multi-stage shellcode that once loaded by exploiting a vulnerability or executing a shellcode loader, will reflectively load itself into the memory of a process without touching the disk. It supports C2 and staging over HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, SMB named pipes as well as forward and reverse TCP; Beacons can be daisy-chained. Cobalt Strike comes with a toolkit for developing shellcode loaders, called Artifact Kit. The Beacon implant has become popular amongst targeted attackers and criminal users as it is well written, stable, and highly customizable.

This Go written malware was observed during campaign of COBALT MIRAGE; it includes FRP (Fast Reverse Proxy) published by fatedier on GitHub (https://github.com/fatedier/frp) and other projects additionally.

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.coalabot

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.cmstar

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.cmsbrute

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.cmoon

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.cmimai

According to ESET Research, CloudScout is a toolset is capable of retrieving data from various cloud services by leveraging stolen web session cookies. Through a plugin, CloudScout works seamlessly with MgBot, Evasive Panda’s signature malware framework.

F-Secure describes CloudDuke as a malware toolset known to consist of, at least, a downloader, a loader and two backdoor variants. The CloudDuke downloader will download and execute additional malware from a preconfigured location. Interestingly, that location may be either a web address or a Microsoft OneDrive account. Both CloudDuke backdoor variants support simple backdoor functionality, similar to SeaDuke. While one variant will use a preconfigured C&C server over HTTP or HTTPS, the other variant will use a Microsoft OneDrive account to exchange commands and stolen data with its operators.

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.cloudwizard

CloudEyE (initially named GuLoader) is a small VB5/6 downloader. It typically downloads RATs/Stealers, such as Agent Tesla, Arkei/Vidar, Formbook, Lokibot, Netwire and Remcos, often but not always from Google Drive. The downloaded payload is xored.

CLOUDBURST aka NickelLoader is an HTTP(S) downloader. It recognizes a set of four basic commands, all five letters long, like abcde, avdrq, gabnc and dcrqv (alternatively: eknag, eacec, hjmwk, wohnp). The most important functionality is to load a received buffer, either as a DLL via the MemoryModule implementation, or as a shellcode. It uses AES for encryption and decryption of network traffic. It usually sends the following information back to its C&C server: computer name, product name and the list of running processes. Typically, it uses two hardcoded parameter names for its initial HTTP POST requests: gametype and type (alternatively: type and code). The CLOUDBURST payload is disguised as mscoree.dll and is side-loaded via a legitimate Windows binary PresentationHost.exe with the argument -embeddingObject. It comes either as a trojanized plugin project for Notepad++ (usually FingerText by erinata), or as a standalone DLL loaded by a dropper, which is a trojanized plugin project as well (usually NppyPlugin by Jari Pennanen). The CLOUDBURST malware was used in Operation DreamJob attacks against an aerospace company and a network running Microsoft Intune software in Q2-Q3 2022.

The ransomware group known as Cl0p is a variant of a previously known strain dubbed CryptoMix. It is worth noting that this variant was delivered as the final payload in a phishing campaign in 2019 and was exclusively financially motivated, with attacks carried out by the threat actors TA505.<br> <br> At that time, malicious actors sent phishing emails that led to a macro-enabled document that would drop a loader called 'Get2.' After gaining an initial foothold in the system or infrastructure, the actors began using reconnaissance, lateral movement, and exfiltration techniques to prepare for the deployment of the ransomware.<br> <br> After the execution of the ransomware, Cl0p appends the extension '.clop' to the end of files, or other types of extensions such as '.CIIp, .Cllp, and .C_L_O_P,' as well as different versions of the ransom note that were also observed after encryption. Depending on the variant, any of the ransom text files were created with names like 'ClopReadMe.txt, README_README.txt, Cl0pReadMe.txt, and READ_ME_!!!.TXT.'<br> <br> The Clop operation has shifted from delivering its final payload via phishing and has begun initiating attacks using vulnerabilities that resulted in the exploitation and infection of victims' infrastructures.<BR>Source: https://github.com/crocodyli/ThreatActors-TTPs

A keylogger.

The ClipBanker Trojan is known as an information stealer and spy trojan, it aims to steal and record any type of sensitive information from the infected environment such as browser history, cookies, Outlook data, Skype, Telegram, or cryptocurrency wallet account addresses. The main goal of this threat is to steal confidential information. The ClipBanker uses PowerShell commands for executing malicious activities. The thing that made the ClipBanker unique is its ability to record various banking actions of the user and manipulate them for its own benefit. The distribution method of the ClipBanker is through phishing emails or through social media posts that lure users to download malicious content.

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.client_maximus

CLEANTOAD is a disruption tool that will delete file system artifacts, including those related to BLINDTOAD, and will run after a date obtained from a configuration file. The malware injects shellcode into notepad.exe and it overwrites and deletes files, modifies registry keys, deletes services, and clears Windows event logs.

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.classfon

Clambling was discovered by Trend Micro and TalentJump. It is a custom malware used by an actor they refer to as DRBControl, which targets gambling and betting companies in Southeast Asia. One version of Clambling uses Dropbox as C&C channel to hide its communication.

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.citadel

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.cinoshi

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.cinobi

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.cifty

Cicada3301 is a ransomware-as-a-service group (tracked as Repellent Scorpius by Palo Alto) that emerged in mid-2024 using Rust-based ransomware targeting Windows, Linux, and ESXi systems, suspected to be a successor of BlackCat/ALPHV and running an affiliate program with 20% commissions.

Malware family tracked by Malpedia. ID: win.chthonic

According to Rapid7, Chrysalis is a custom, feature-rich backdoor. Its wide array of capabilities indicates it is a sophisticated and permanent tool, not a simple throwaway utility. It uses legitimate binaries to sideload a crafted DLL with a generic name, which makes simple filename-based detection unreliable. It relies on custom API hashing in both the loader and the main module, each with its own resolution logic. This is paired with layered obfuscation and a fairly structured approach to C2 communication.

ChrGetPdsi is a basic infostealer written in Golang which is designed to steal browser history and logins, and targets Chrome, Edge, and Firefox. The output is written to a text file named chrgetpdsi.txt. Based on the samples analysed, the malware does not appear to have networking capabilities, and therefore it is likely that it is intended to be used in a post-compromise situation where the attacker already has access to the target system and can retrieve the created output file via other means.ChrGetPdsi has been observed being deployed by the Broomstick malware.