Threat Intelligence Directory

LofyGang has been found to be linked to more than 200 malicious packages, with thousands of installations throughout 2022. The group, believed to have been operating for more than a year, has multiple hacking objectives, including stealing credit card information and stealing user accounts including Discord Inc. premium accounts, streaming services accounts such as Disney+ and Minecraft accounts.

Linkc is a newly emerged ransomware group that operates an onion-based data leak site and has claimed one victim, a U.S.-based AI and cloud service provider, H2O.ai, which was attacked on January 29, 2025. The group demanded a ransom of $15 million for data decryption and removal, showcasing access to sensitive information, including GPT model source code and customer data. Linkc's DLS is well-constructed and quick to load, indicating potential for future victim listings. However, there is currently no public acknowledgment from the victim, and the group has not engaged in discussions on cybercrime forums.

LIMINAL PANDA is a China-nexus APT that targets telecommunications entities, employing custom malware and publicly available tools for covert access, C2, and data exfiltration. The adversary demonstrates extensive knowledge of telecom networks, utilizing GSM protocols to retrieve mobile subscriber information and call metadata. LIMINAL PANDA exploits trust relationships and security gaps between providers to access core infrastructure, indicating a focus on SIGINT collection rather than financial gain. Their intrusion activity has primarily affected telecom providers in southern Asia and Africa, with potential for broader targeting based on network configurations.

Lilac Typhoon is a threat actor attributed to China. They have been identified as exploiting the Atlassian Confluence RCE vulnerability CVE-2022-26134, which allows for remote code execution. This vulnerability has been used in cryptojacking campaigns and is included in commercial exploit frameworks. Lilac Typhoon has also been involved in deploying various payloads such as Cobalt Strike, web shells, botnets, coin miners, and ransomware.

LilacSquid is an APT actor targeting a variety of industries worldwide since at least 2021. They use tactics such as exploiting vulnerabilities and compromised RDP credentials to gain access to victim organizations. Their post-compromise activities involve deploying MeshAgent and a customized version of QuasarRAT known as PurpleInk to maintain control over infected systems. LilacSquid has been observed using tools like Secure Socket Funneling for data exfiltration.

UNC1945 is an APT group that has been targeting telecommunications companies globally. They use Linux-based implants to maintain long-term access in compromised networks. UNC1945 has demonstrated advanced technical abilities, utilizing various tools and techniques to evade detection and move laterally through networks. They have also been observed targeting other industries, such as financial and professional consulting, and have been linked to other threat actors, including MustangPanada and RedDelta.

Rostelecom's security team has discovered a new APT group that is breaching companies via industrial PLCs. Named Lifting Zmiy, the group's first attacks were traced back to October 2023. The group targeted PLCs from Russian company Tech-Automatics usually used with elevators and which were still using their default passwords. Rostelecom has linked the group to intrusions at a Russian government contractor, two telecom operators, and an IT company. The company says the group collected and exfiltrated data and then destroyed the victim's infrastructure. Rostelecom says Lifting Zmiy uses Starlink infrastructure for attacks and appears to operate out of Eastern Europe.

Libyan Scorpions is a malware operation in use since September 2015 and operated by a politically motivated group whose main objective is intelligence gathering, spying on influentials and political figures and operate an espionage campaign within Libya.

[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) is a North Korean state-sponsored cyber threat group attributed to the Reconnaissance General Bureau (RGB). (Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017) (Citation: Treasury North Korean Cyber Groups September 2019) [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has been active since at least 2009 and is reportedly responsible for the November 2014 destructive wiper attack on Sony Pictures Entertainment, identified by Novetta as part of Operation Blockbuster. Malware used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) correlates to other reported campaigns, including Operation Flame, Operation 1Mission, Operation Troy, DarkSeoul, and Ten Days of Rain.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster) North Korea’s cyber operations have shown a consistent pattern of adaptation, forming and reorganizing units as national priorities shift. These units frequently share personnel, infrastructure, malware, and tradecraft, making it difficult to attribute specific operations with high confidence. Public reporting often uses “Lazarus Group” as an umbrella term for multiple North Korean cyber operators conducting espionage, destructive attacks, and financially motivated campaigns.(Citation: Mandiant DPRK Laz Org Breakdown 2022)(Citation: Mandiant DPRK Groups 2023)(Citation: JPCert Blog Laz Subgroups 2025)

Larva‑25012 is a threat actor known for deploying Proxyware, utilizing malware disguised as a Notepad++ installer. The actor injects Proxyware into the Windows Explorer process and employs Python-based loaders to evade detection. They distribute Proxyware installers primarily through advertisements on websites offering free YouTube video downloads and fake sites for cracked software. Larva‑25012 has been active since at least 2024, distributing multiple types of Proxyware, including DigitalPulse, Honeygain, and Infatica.

The Larva-24010 threat actor is distributing malware through the website of a Korean VPN service provider. As a result, when a user downloads and runs the installer from the VPN website, malware can be installed on the system. Since at least 2023, the Larva-24010 threat actor has been targeting Korean VPN users to spread malware, ultimately installing various backdoors such as MeshAgent, gs-netcat, and NKNShell. Through this, the attacker can control infected systems where the VPN is installed and steal sensitive information stored on those systems.

Larva-24005 is a threat actor that breaches servers in Korea to establish a web server and PHP environment for phishing attacks, primarily targeting individuals involved with North Korea and university professors researching the regime. They exploit the BlueKeep vulnerability for initial access and utilize RDPWrap and a custom keylogger post-compromise. Phishing emails are crafted to appear as legitimate communications, often containing malicious URLs or compressed files. The actor has been observed storing phishing pages in the IIS_USER account and XAMPP home folder, although traces of these pages were later deleted.

LARVA-208 is a financially motivated threat actor employing sophisticated phishing campaigns to harvest credentials and deploy ransomware. The actor uses multiple tactics, including Open URL Redirection, fake login pages, and social engineering, to bypass MFA and gain access to corporate networks. LARVA-208 has compromised over 618 organizations since June 2024, often deploying ransomware payloads. The threat actor is linked to LARVA-148, a threat actor managing domain acquisitions and attacks.

Lapsus$ is an internationally composed data extortion group most active from mid-2021 through 2022, executing high-profile breaches against Microsoft, Nvidia, Samsung, Okta, and Uber by stealing source code and threatening leaks rather than encrypting files; several members — predominantly teenagers — were arrested in the UK.

Lancefly targets government, aviation, and telecom organizations in South and Southeast Asia. They use a custom backdoor named Merdoor, developed since 2018, and employ various tactics to gain access, including phishing emails, SSH credential brute-forcing, and exploiting server vulnerabilities. Additionally, Lancefly has been observed using a newer version of the ZXShell rootkit and tools like PlugX and ShadowPad RAT, which are typically associated with Chinese-speaking APT groups.

LabHost is a threat actor group targeting Canadian Banks with Phishing-as-a-Service attacks. They have been observed using tools like LabRat and LabSend for real-time campaign management and SMS lures. LabHost's phishing campaigns have similarities to Frappo campaigns, but they operate separately and offer different subscription packages.

KromSec is a hacktivist group that claims to be composed of hackers, activists, writers, and journalists. The group has been involved in a number of high-profile cyberattacks, including a cyber offensive against Iran in September 2022 and the sale of the database of the Iran Ministry of Industries and Mines on a hacker forum in November 2023. KromSec's attacks have been met with mixed reactions, but the group has quickly made a name for itself as a significant threat to governments and organizations around the world.

CrowdStrike identified a cryptojacking campaign targeting vulnerable Docker and Kubernetes infrastructure. Called “Kiss-a-dog,” the campaign targets Docker and Kubernetes infrastructure using an obscure domain from the payload, container escape attempt and anonymized “dog” mining pools.

A group targeting various countries using Denial of Services attacked.

KelvinSecurity is a financially motivated hacking group active since at least 2015, primarily engaged in stealing and selling databases from telecommunications, healthcare, and political organizations worldwide, with notable breaches including Vodafone Italia and Frost & Sullivan; the group's leader was arrested by Spanish police.

The threat group behind EnemyBot, Keksec, is well-resourced and has the ability to update and add new capabilities to its arsenal of malware on a daily basis (see below for more detail on Keksec)

Kazu is an emerging ransomware group active since September 2025 that employs double-extortion tactics, targeting government, healthcare, and financial organizations primarily in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America, with notable claimed breaches including Dubai's Ports, Customs and Free Zone Corporation with 1.94 TB exfiltrated.

KAX17 is a sophisticated threat actor that has been active since at least 2017. They have operated hundreds of malicious servers within the Tor network, primarily as entry and middle points. Their main objective appears to be collecting information on Tor users and mapping their routes within the network. Despite efforts to remove their servers, KAX17 has shown resilience and continues to operate.

The Kasablanka group is a cyber-criminal organization that has specifically targeted Russia between September and December 2022, using various payloads delivered through phishing emails containing socially engineered lnk files, zip packages, and executables attached to virtual disk image files.

Karkadann is a threat actor that has been active since at least October 2020, targeting government bodies and news outlets in the Middle East. They have been involved in watering hole attacks, compromising high-profile websites to inject malicious JavaScript code. The group has been linked to another commercial spyware company called Candiru, suggesting they may utilize multiple spyware technologies. There are similarities in the infrastructure and tactics used by Karkadann in their campaigns.

Karakurt is a pure data-extortion group (no encryption) assessed with high confidence to be the extortion arm of the Conti ransomware group, active from 2021, that steals data and threatens to auction or publish it unless ransoms ranging from $25,000 to $13 million are paid.

Kairos is a data extortion group active since late 2024 that focuses solely on data theft with no encryption, primarily targeting small-to-mid-sized organizations in healthcare, manufacturing, and business services in the US, purchasing initial access from brokers and demanding Bitcoin payments.

JuiceLedger is a threat actor known for infostealing through their JuiceStealer .NET assembly. They have evolved from spreading fraudulent applications to conducting supply chain attacks, targeting PyPI contributors with phishing campaigns and typosquatting. Their malicious packages contain a code snippet that downloads and executes JuiceStealer, which has evolved to support additional browsers and Discord. Victims of JuiceLedger attacks are advised to reset passwords and report any suspicious activity to security@pypi.org.

Wiz Threat Research identified a new variant of an ongoing malicious campaign targeting misconfigured and publicly exposed PostgreSQL servers. In the observed attack, the threat actor (tracked by Wiz as JINX-0126) abuses exposed PostgreSQL instances, configured with weak and guessable login credentials, to gain access and to deploy XMRig-C3 cryptominers. This campaign was first documented by Aqua Security, but the threat actor has since evolved, implementing defense evasion techniques such as deploying binaries with a unique hash per target and executing the miner payload filelessly—likely to evade detection by CWPP solutions that rely solely on file hash reputation.

JavaGhost is a threat actor group that has targeted cloud environments, particularly AWS, for phishing campaigns without engaging in data theft for extortion. They exploit overly permissive IAM permissions and utilize long-term access keys to gain initial access, employing the GetFederationToken API to acquire temporary credentials for console access. JavaGhost has demonstrated advanced evasion techniques, avoiding common detection methods by not using the GetCallerIdentity API call. Their activities generate detectable logging footprints in CloudTrail, allowing organizations to identify and respond to their tactics.

JabaRoot is an Algerian hacker group that has targeted Moroccan government systems, successfully exfiltrating sensitive data from the Ministry of Economic Inclusion and the National Social Security Fund (CNSS). The group has claimed responsibility for the breach, which has raised concerns among cybersecurity experts regarding its scale and impact on citizens' privacy. The motives behind the attack remain unclear, but it has been noted as one of Morocco's most significant cyber-attacks affecting multiple victims. Resecurity has identified the group's activities as part of a broader trend of APT targeting government entities in the region.

ItaDuke is an actor known since 2013. It used PDF exploits for dropping malware and Twitter accounts to store C2 server urls. On 2018, an actor named DarkUniverse, which was active between 2009 to 2017, was attributed to this ItaDuke by Kaspersky.

Iron group has developed multiple types of malware (backdoors, crypto-miners, and ransomware) for Windows, Linux and Android platforms. They have used their malware to successfully infect, at least, a few thousand victims.

IronHusky is a Chinese-based threat actor first attributed in July 2017 targeting Russian and Mongolian governments, as well as aviation companies and research institutes. Since their initial attacks ceased in 2018, they have been working on a new remote access trojan dubbed MysterySnail.

IronErn440 is a threat actor tracked by Oligo Security for orchestrating the ShadowRay 2.0 campaign, an evolution of attacks since September 2023 exploiting CVE-2023-48022, a missing authentication flaw in the Ray AI framework's Job Submission API. The actor submits malicious jobs to exposed Ray clusters (port 8265), deploying multi-stage Bash/Python payloads via GitHub/GitLab repositories like "ironern440-group" and "thisisforwork440-ops" to propagate worm-like, hijack NVIDIA GPUs for XMRig cryptomining, pivot laterally, create reverse shells, kill competing miners, limit CPU to 60%, and persist via cron jobs pulling updates every 15 minutes. Additional capabilities include DDoS via sockstress on port 3333 (targeting mining pools), region-specific malware (e.g., China checks), LLM-generated payloads, and use of tools like interact.sh for scanning over 230,500 public Ray servers; mitigations involve firewalling, authorization, and Anyscale's port checker.

IRLeaks is a threat actor known for significant cyberattacks targeting Iranian organizations, including a major breach of SnappFood, where they exfiltrated 3TB of sensitive data from 20 million user profiles. They have also compromised data from 23 leading Iranian insurance companies, offering over 160 million records for sale. Their operations involve extortion tactics, as seen in the ransom negotiations with Tosan, and they utilize malware such as StealC for data extraction. IRLeaks communicates primarily in Persian and has been active in selling stolen data on cybercriminal marketplaces.

Resecurity’s research indicates that the attack on Parliament is a part of a multi-year cyberespionage campaign orchestrated by a nation-state actor whom we are calling IRIDIUM. This actor targets sensitive government, diplomatic, and military resources in the countries comprising the Five Eyes intelligence alliance (which includes Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States)

IntelBroker is a threat actor known for orchestrating high-profile data breaches targeting companies like Apple, Zscaler, and Facebook Marketplace. They have a reputation for selling access to compromised systems and data on underground forums like BreachForums. IntelBroker has claimed responsibility for breaches involving government agencies such as Europol, the U.S. Department of Transportation, and the Pentagon, leaking sensitive information and classified documents. The actor has been linked to breaches at companies like Acuity, General Electric, and Home Depot, showcasing a pattern of targeting critical infrastructure and major corporations.

INJ3CTOR3 is a threat actor first identified in 2020, known for targeting vulnerabilities in VoIP systems, specifically CVE-2019-19006 and CVE-2021-45461. Their operations involve exploiting FreePBX vulnerabilities to deploy PHP web shells for data exfiltration and persistence. The group utilizes tools for SIP server exploitation, including brute-force scripts and authentication bypass techniques. Observations indicate a resurgence of their attack patterns, reflecting historical behaviors while adapting to current vulnerabilities.

INDOHAXSEC TEAM is an Indonesian group that claims to have developed a web-based version of WannaCry, asserting the ability to encrypt websites and demand Bitcoin as ransom. However, their technical capabilities remain uncertain, as creating ransomware of this scale requires significant expertise. The group's claims may be exaggerated for attention, and verified evidence is needed to assess their true capabilities.